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2021 Vol. 18, No. 19
Published: 2021-07-05
 
 
4 Study of the mechanism of Baizhu-Huangqi-Zhishi Formula in the treatment of constipation in Parkinson disease based on network pharmacology and its experimental verification
BAO Zhongming1,2 WEN Daiwei3 LU Pingang4 HUANG Wubiao1 TANG Guowen1
Objective To explore the mechanism of Baizhu-Huangqi-Zhishi Formula in the treatment of constipation in Parkinson disease based on network pharmacology and to conduct its experimental verification. Methods The main active components of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Radix Astragali seu Hedysari and Fructus Aurantii Immaturus were screened by network pharmacology, and the functional analysis and signal pathway analysis were carried out to analyze the molecular mechanism of the active compound-target network in treating constipation in Parkinson disease. Twenty healthy male SD rats aged six weeks were selected, and 15 of them were double injected with 6-hydroxydopamine to establish the model of Parkinson disease. After success, the constipation model of Parkinson disease was established by gavage with Loperamide 3 mg/kg. After successful modeling, the rats were divided into model group, positive control group and experimental group according to random number table method, with five rats in each group and other five rats as the normal group. The experimental group was given 10 ml/kg concentrated solution of Baizhu-Huangqi-Zhishi Formula by gavage. The positive control group was given Metobar 50 mg/kg and polyethylene glycol 1 mg/kg by gavage. The normal group and the model group were given the same amount of normal saline, once a day, for two weeks. Two weeks later, the gene and protein expressions of mitogen-activation protein kinase 8 (MAPK8), interleukin-6 (IL-6), MYC, and cysteine aspartic acid specific protease 3 (caspase 3) in colon of the four groups were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Results Through database and literature screening, a total of 50 active molecules were obtained from Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Radix Astragali seu Hedysari and Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, and 116 action targets were identified, 85 of which were constipation in Parkinson disease. The main nodes of protein-protein interaction network were MAPK8, epidermal growth factor receptor, Cyclin D1, IL-6, MYC, and vascular endothelial growth factor A, etc. Functional analysis and signal pathway analysis showed that Baizhu-Huangqi-Zhishi Formula was involved in constipation in Parkinson disease mainly through biological processes such as ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding and ubiquitin protein ligase binding. At the same time, it may be possible to treat constipation in Parkinson disease through PI3K-Akt, MAPK, neurodegeneration-multiple diseases and other signaling pathways. The results of qRT-PCR and Western blot showed that the expression levels of MAPK8 gene and protein in the model group were lower than those in the normal group, and the expression levels of IL-6, MYC, caspase 3 gene and protein in the model group were higher than those in the normal group. The expression levels of MAPK8 gene and protein in the experimental group were higher than those in the model group, and the expression levels of IL-6, MYC, caspase 3 gene and protein in the experimental group were lower than that in the model group, with statistical significance (all P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Baizhu-Huangqi-Zhishi Formula can achieve the therapeutic effect constipation in Parkinson disease well through multiple targets and multiple pathways.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 4-12 [Abstract] ( 174 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1598 KB)  ( 155 )
13 Analysis of the research hotspots of sjogren syndrome based on CNKI database literature
BAI Xuejiao1 BAI Zhiyi1 WANG Haiyu1 KANG Tianlun1 ZHU Yuelan2 HOU Xiujuan2
Objective To search the literatures on sjogren syndrome in China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI) database in recent five years, and to analyze the recent research hotspots of Western medicine on sjogren syndrome. Methods With “sjogren syndrome” as the main topic, the literature of Western medicine related to the study of sjogren syndrome published in CNKI database from January 2015 to August 2020 was searched. The bibliographic co-occurrence analysis system (Bicomb2) was used to calculate the frequency of the occurrence of keywords, and the high-frequency keywords with the occurrence frequency greater or equal to ten times were intercepted to generate the co-occurrence matrix. After the co-occurrence matrix was converted into the dissimilarity matrix, the cluster analysis was carried out with SPSS 25.0 software to discuss the research hotspots of Western medicine on sjogren syndrome in the past five years. Results A total of 501 literatures were selected, and 1032 keywords were extracted, including 26 high-frequency keywords, accounting for 40.6301% of all keywords. Clustering analysis showed that the cellular immunology pathogenesis, diagnostic indicators, clinical complications of sjogren syndrome, clinical study of Eramod and Hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of sjogren syndorme, the value of ultrasound diagnosis and evaluation of sjogren syndrome were the recent research hotspots. Conclusion The hot issues of sjogren syndrome in Western medicine mainly focus on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical complications and treatment. In recent years, there are few studies on the epidemiological characteristics of sjogren syndrome and the application of biological agents, which suggest the direction for further research.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 13-16,26 [Abstract] ( 121 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (717 KB)  ( 189 )
17 Effects and mechanism of catalpol on retinopathy in mice with diabetes mellitus
WU Zhen DU Qiu
Objective To study the effects and mechanism of catalpol on retinopathy in mice with diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 28 SPF KK-Ay diabetic mice aged eight weeks were selected. According to random number table method, they were divided into model group [100 mg/(kg·d) normal saline], Aminoguanidine group [100 mg/(kg·d) Aminoguanidine], catalpol low-dose group [50 mg/(kg·d) catalpol] and catalpol high-dose group [100 mg/(kg·d) catalpol]. SPF C57BL/6J male mice aged eight weeks were selected as blank group [100 mg/(kg·d) normal saline], with seven mice in each group. All the five groups were given intragastric gavage for eight weeks continuously, and their blood glucose levels were monitored before, four and eight weeks after intervention. Eight weeks after administration, pathological changes of retina were observed by HE staining and retinal ganglion cells (RGC) were counted. Serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and advanced glycation end product (AGE) in five groups were determined by enzym-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), advanced glycolylation end product receptor (RAGE) and phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB p65 (P-NF-κB p65) in retinal cells were determined by Western blot. Results After eight weeks of intervention, the blood glucose levels in the model group was higher than those before interlention, the blood glucose level in the catalpol low-dose group was lower than before, the blood glucose level in the catalpol high-dose group was lower than before and after four weeks and eight weeks of intervention, the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05). The blood glucose levels in the model group before intervention, four weeks after intervention and eight weeks intervention were higher than those at the same time points of the blank group， the blood glucose levels in the catalpol low-dose group after eight weeks of intervention were lower than those at the same time point in the model group, the blood glucose levels of catalpol high-dose group after four weeks and eight weeks of intervention were lower than those in the model group at the same time points, with all statistical significance (all P ＜ 0.05). The retinal surface of blank group was smooth, and the structure was clear and complete. In the model group, the retinal structure was loose and the retinal cells were disordered. The retinal structure of catalpol low-dose group was loose and thin. The retinal structure, cell arrangement and retinal thickness were improved in catalpol high-dose group compared with model group. After eight weeks of intervention, the number of RGC in the model group was less than that in the blank group, the number of RGC in catalpol high-dose group was higher than that in model group, and the differences were highly statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01). The levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, VEGF, and AGE in model group were higher than those in blank group, and the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, VEGF, and AGE in catalpol low-dose and high-dose groups were lower than those in model group, with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01). The expression of VE-cadherin in model group was lower than that in blank group, and the expression of RAGE and P-NF-κB p65 in model group was higher than that in blank group, with statistical significance (all P ＜ 0.05). The expression of VE-cadherin in catalpol low-dose and high-dose groups was higher than that in model group, and the expression of RAGE and P-NF-κB p65 protein in catalpol low-dose and high-dose groups was lower than that in model group, with highly statistical significance (P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion Catalpol can reduce blood glucose and serum inflammatory factor levels, thereby improving retinopathy in mice with diabetes mellitus, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of AGE/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 17-21 [Abstract] ( 83 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1205 KB)  ( 43 )
22 Expression and clinical significance of long non-coding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 and microRNA-195-5p in thyroid carcinoma tissue
LI Xiaoling1 SHAO Xin1 GUO Ling2 YANG Yali3
Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) and microRNA (miRNA)-195-5p in thyroid carcinoma tissue. Methods The expression of lncRNA PVT1 and miR-195-5p in 82 cases of thyroid cancer tissues, adjacent normal tissues and 82 cases of benign thyroid tumor tissues treated in Changzhou of Hospital Traditional Chinese Medicine from April 2017 to January 2020 were detected by fluorescence real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), the relationship between the two indexes and clinicopathological parameters of patients with thyroid cancer and the correlation between the two inedxes was analyzed. Results The relative expression level of lncRNA PVT1 in thyroid cancer tissues was higher than that in benign thyroid tumor tissues and paracancerous normal tissues, while the relative expression level of miR-195-5p was lower than that in benign thyroid tumor tissues and paracancerous normal tissues (all P ＜ 0.05). In thyroid cancer, the relative expression level of lncRNA PVT1 with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage was higher than that without lymph node metastasis and Ⅰ-Ⅱ stage. The relative expression level of miR-195-5p in lymph node metastasis and TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage was lower than that in the non-lymph node metastasis and Ⅰ-Ⅱ stage (all P ＜ 0.05).The expression of lncRNA PVT1 in thyroid cancer tissues was negatively correlated with the expression of miR-195-5p (r = -0.731, P < 0.01). Conclusion The increased lncRNA PVT1 and decreased miR-195-5p in thyroid carcinoma tissues are related to lymph node metastasis and TNM stage, which have potential application value for assessment of patients’ condition and determining therapeutic targets.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 22-26 [Abstract] ( 133 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (684 KB)  ( 124 )
27 Knowledge graph analysis of literatures related to medicinal diet based on CiteSpace
XIANG Ming1,2,3 ZHU Jianping1,2,3 LI Jing1 YUAN Zhiying2,3,4
Objective To explore the general situation of the research on “medicinal diet” and summarize the research hotspots. Methods “Medicinal diet” was used as the subject word in the China national knowleclge infrastructure database of China knowledge Network. The time span of literature retrieval was from January 1982 to December 2018, and 2498 articles were included. And then the literatures were visually analyzed by CiteSpace, which were analyzed from the number of articles published by authors, author cooperation network, institutional cooperation network and keyword co-occurrence network. Results The top five research authors, the top 10 research institutions, the top 10 hot keywords and the top 13 clustering high-frequency keywords were obtained through visual analysis. Conclusion The number of articles related to medicinal diet is increasing year by year, the research focus tends to be the application of medicinal diet therapy. Besides, the cooperation among research institutions in different regions needs to be strengthened.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 27-31 [Abstract] ( 122 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1268 KB)  ( 254 )
32 The mechanism of Shizao Decoction on treating hepatic ascites based on network pharmacology
WANG Yanping LI Wenjing HONG Bo
Objective To explore the potential molecular mechanism of Shizao Decoction in treating hepatic ascites due to hepatic ascites by means of network pharmacology. Methods TCMSP was used to retrieve the chemical components and targets of Shizao Decoction. GeneCards database was used to find related target genes with hepatic hepatic ascites. The target names were corrected by using Uniprot database, and drug-compound-target-pathway was constructed by Cytoscape software. The disease-drug target genes of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network diagram was constructed by String database, GO and KEGG signal pathway enrichment analysis of drug-disease targets were carried out by Metascape database, and visualized by Weishengxin online mapping platform. Results The drug-compound-target-pathway network contained 4 drugs, 25 compounds, 138 nodes and 617 edges. There were 87 nodes and 419 edges in PPI network, with an average node degree of 8.46. Conclusion From the perspective of network pharmacology, this study predictes that the compounds in Shizao Decoction can regulate multiple signal pathways by acting on PTGS2, RXRA, CASP3, AKT1 and other targets, thus playing a therapeutic role on hepatic ascites.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 32-35 [Abstract] ( 68 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1417 KB)  ( 193 )
36 Study on the anesthetic effect of new type topical anesthetic on oral mucosa surface
ZENG Dong1 NIU Jiao2 LI Changyi3 CHANG Jin4 NIU Guangliang1▲
Objective To investigate the anesthetic effect of new type topical anesthetic which is Lidocaine hydrochloride lysine-linoleic acid modified dextran polymeric lipid vesicles on oral mucosa surface. Methods Eighteen New Zealand rabbits (male or female, body weight [2.0±0.2] kg) aged eight months were divided into negative control group (0.5 ml of Lidocaine hydrochloride injection was applied on the labial gingival of the lower anterior teeth)，positive control group (0.5 ml of Lidocaine hydrochloride conventional liposomes was applied on the labial gingival of the lower anterior teeth) and experimental group (0.5 ml of Lidocaine hydrochloride lysine-linoleic acid modified dextran polymeric lipid vesicles was applied on the labial gingival of the lower anterior teeth) by stratified random grouping according to body weight, with six rats in each group. Acupuncture experiment and mental nerve action potential experiment were performed in the three groups, and the experimental results were compared. Results The results of acupuncture experiment showed that the onset time of anesthesia in the experimental group was shorter than that in the positive control group, and the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05). No significant anesthetic effect was found in negative control group. Overall analysis of the inhibition rate of mental nerve action potential amplitude (APA) among the three groups showed that there were statistically significant differences among groups, time point comparison and interaction (P ＜ 0.05). Comparison within groups: the inhibition rate of APA at 50 min in negative control group and positive control group was higher than that at other time points, with statistical significance (all P ＜ 0.05); the inhibition rate of APA in experimental group at 40 min was higher than that at other time points, with statistical significance (all P ＜ 0.05). Comparison between groups: the APA inhibition rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the positive control group at each time point, and the APA inhibition rate of the positive control group was higher than that of the negative control group within 50 min, with statistical significance (all P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Lidocaine hydrochloride lysine-linoleic acid modified dextran polymeric lipid vesicles has a quick effect and good anesthetic effect, which has a good clinical application prospect.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 36-39,59 [Abstract] ( 128 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (952 KB)  ( 216 )
40 Expression of Ⅲ type fibronectin like inclusion domain 1 protein in esophageal carcinoma and its clinical significance
YUAN Qingfeng ZHANG Qi YANG Yunjie
Objective To investigate the expression of Ⅲ type fibronectin like inclusion domain 1 (FNDC1) protein in esophageal carcinoma and its clinical significance. Methods Immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative PCR were used to detect the expression of FNDC1 in cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues of 93 patients with esophageal cancer who were diagnosed and treated in Bazhong Central Hospital of Sichuan Province from April 2013 to April 2015. The relationship between the expression of FNDC1 and the clinicopathological characteristics in cancer tissues was analyzed. After five years of follow-up, the difference in prognosis of patients with different FNDC1 expression in cancer tissues by survival was analyzed Kaplan-Meier. Results The relative expression level of FNDC1 mRNA in cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues (P ＜ 0.05); the positive staining of FNDC1 was mainly located in the cytoplasm of tumor cells in cancer tissues, and the positive expression rate of FNDC1 in cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues (P ＜ 0.05). The expression of FNDC1 protein in cancer tissues was correlated with tumor stage and lymph node metastasis (P ＜ 0.05). Follow-up was 3-60 months, the 5-year overall survival rate of FNDC1 positive patients was significantly lower than that of FNDC1 negative patients (P ＜ 0.05), and the mean survival time of FNDC1 positive patients was significantly shorter than that of FNDC1 negative patients (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The expression of FNDC1 is increased in esophageal cancer tissues, and the expression of FNDC1 is related to tumor stage and lymph node metastasis, and may become a marker to judge the survival prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 40-43 [Abstract] ( 69 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (491 KB)  ( 64 )
44 Relationship between the expression of LncRNA PANDAR, miR-637 and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of thyroid cancer
AO Xueren LIAO Cong MA Kaimin SHEN Guoxi
Objective To explore the expression levels of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) PANDAR and microRNA-637 (miR-637) in thyroid cancer tissues, and to analyze their relationship with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis. Methods A total of 82 patients with thyroid cancer admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from January 2015 to February 2017 were selected. The relative expression levels of LncRNA PANDAR and miR-637 in thyroid cancer tissues and adjacent tissues (more than 5 cm from the edge of the tumor tissues) were detected, while the relationship between the two indicators and the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients were analyzed. Results The relative expression of LncRNA PANDAR in thyroid cancer tissues was higher than that of adjacent tissues, and the relative expression of miR-637 was lower than that of adjacent tissues (P ＜ 0.05). The expression of LncRNA PANDAR was negatively correlated with miR-637 (r = -0.634, P ＜ 0.05). The expression of LncRNA PANDAR and miR-637 in thyroid cancer tissue were related to tumor TNM stage, cell differentiation degree, and lymphatic metastasis (P ＜ 0.05). The 3-year overall survival rate of the LncRNA PANDAR high expression group was lower than that of the LncRNA PANDAR low expression group (P ＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference in the 3-year overall survival rate between the miR-637 high expression group and the low expression group (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion The relative expression of LncRNA PANDAR in thyroid cancer tissues is higher than that in adjacent tissues, and the relative expression of miR-637 is lower than that in adjacent tissues. It is closely related to tumor TNM staging, cell differentiation and lymphatic metastasis. It is expected to become a new biological indicators in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis assessment of thyroid cance.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 44-47,67 [Abstract] ( 146 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (915 KB)  ( 78 )
48 Research progress on the role of acupuncture in parturient delivery
ZHENG Xiaoying LI Yan ZHANG Xiaoyu
Labor pain is a physiological reaction during labor, which is an important factor leading to cesarean section and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, painless delivery has become a hot topic of obstetrics and gynecology department and the majority of women. Clinical labor analgesia is mainly divided into drug and non-drug, both of which have their own indications. Drug analgesia may bring symptoms such as uterine inertia, prolonged second stage of labor, etc. As a non-drug induced analgesia, acupuncture has the advantages of less trauma and high safety, and is widely used in labor analgesia. Acupuncture not only has analgesic effect, but also can inhibit the stress response, shorten the labor process and reduce bleeding, which can effectively improve the safety of childbirth and protect the newborn. However, there are still some problems of incomplete analgesia and low analgesia intensity in the course of childbirth. To this end, this paper, through a comprehensive analysis of the relevant research on the process of childbirth at home and abroad, aims to explore the application effect and influence of acupuncture in childbirth.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 48-51 [Abstract] ( 289 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (571 KB)  ( 48 )
52 Research progress of chest CT low-dose scanning combined with different iterative reconstruction
SU Yuwen1 LIU Hui2 DENG Kai1
CT enhanced examination is widely used in clinical practice as a routine examination item for chest diseases, which also makes CT the main source of iatrogenic radiation. Among the commonly used CT post-processing algorithms, the iterative reconstruction algorithm can reduce the contrast agent dose and radiation dose by adjusting the scan weight, while obtaining images that meet the needs of clinical diagnosis. There is still no uniform standard for how to choose the optimal scan weight. This article mainly reviews the development process, basic principles and clinical applications of chest CT low-dose scanning combined with iterative reconstruction, in order to provide a reference for reasonable reduction of the radiation dose of CT scanning to patients and medical staff.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 52-55 [Abstract] ( 74 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (576 KB)  ( 189 )
56 Research progress on gene polymorphism in osteoporosis
ZHANG Fan1 XIONG Yanhong2 HAN Chao1 LIANG Qingyang1 LIU Jia1 TANG Yujin1
This paper summarizes the effects of gene polymorphism in osteoporosis. Mutations in the vitamin D receptor gene alter mineral metabolism and lead to lower bone density. The effects of the same locus of estrogen receptor gene on different races and genders may be different. Collagen typeⅠgene can aggravate osteoporosis in patients with cardiovascular disease. Different loci of the Gremlin-2 gene may have opposite effects on osteoporosis. The combined gene-gene effect of tumor necrosis factor-α gene and osteoprotegerin gene may increase the risk of osteoporosis. These results suggest that gene polymorphism plays a unique role in osteoporosis, and may provide targeted treatment to avoid bone degeneration.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 56-59 [Abstract] ( 189 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (579 KB)  ( 110 )
60 Research progress of PET/CT and PET/MRI imaging in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer
WANG Yuanjing WU Yumei
As novel multi-modal molecular functional imaging techniques, positron emission tomography （PET）/CT and PET/MRI have integrated the advantages of PET and CT/MRI imaging techniques, which have been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological malignancies. Lymph node metastasis is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of cervical cancer. Functional imaging examination plays an important role in evaluating pelvic or abdominal para-aortic lymph node metastasis, which can not only accurately locate the anatomical location of lymph nodes, but also provide metabolic information, improving the accuracy of diagnosis for lymph node metastasis. This article reviews the application of PET/CT and PET/MRI in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer by summarizing the results of related researches at home and abroad in recent years. Finally, PET/CT and PET/MRI, as representatives of novel functional imaging techniques, are expected to be important methods for the development of individualized precise treatment plans for cervical cancer.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 60-63 [Abstract] ( 138 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (575 KB)  ( 139 )
64 Thinking about the intelligent development of triditional Chinese medicine
MENG Hongru LI Cuijuan
With the successful application of artificial intelligence technology in the four diagnostic methods of traditional Chinese medicine, intelligent development of traditional Chinese medicine has become inevitable. From the perspective of technological development, this paper summarizes the significant differences in inheritance and development, diagnosis and treatment modes, diagnosis and treatment methods between traditional Chinese medicine intelligent and traditional Chinese medicine, analyzes the realistic difficulties and challenges faced by the difficulties in the development of traditional Chinese medicine intelligent in the diagnosis and treatment market, the integration of diagnosis and treatment methods, the establishment an index system and expanding data resources. To solve these difficults, it needs to focus on create an traditional Chinese medicine intelligent development environment, consolidate the traditional Chinese medicine intelligence foundation of data, comprehensively build traditional Chinese medicine intelligent development platform, vigorously promote the traditional Chinese medicine intelligent diagnosis and treatment model.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 64-67 [Abstract] ( 52 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (571 KB)  ( 336 )
68 Application effect of case-based learning on eight-year during intership teaching in the department of anesthesia and perioperative medicine
GUO Haiyun1 CAI Yanhui2
Objective To analyze the teaching effect of case-based learning (CBL) on eight-year during intership teaching in the department of anesthesia and perioperative medicine. Methods Eighty eight-year interns, who were in the fifth phase of their internship in the Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from January 2017 to January 2020, were selected as the research objects. According to the different teaching methods, they were divided into lecture-based learning (LBL) teaching group and CBL teaching group, with 40 students in each group. After the one-month internship, the teaching effect of the two groups was compared through the survey of students’ satisfaction, the evaluation of practical skills and theoretical knowledge of the two groups. Results The assessment results of theoretical knowledge, practical skills and total scores in CBL teaching group were significantly higher than those in LBL teaching group, and the differences were highly statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01). The satisfaction of learning interest, communication ability and thinking inspiration of CBL teaching group was higher than that of LBL teaching group, and the difference was highly statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in the satisfaction of learning atmosphere and class status between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion CBL is beneficial to improve the performance and enthusiasm of interns in the clinical intership of eight-year students in the department of anesthesia and perioperative medicine, and has the significance of popularization.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 68-71 [Abstract] ( 114 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (641 KB)  ( 109 )
72 Discussion on introducing service-learning into traditional Chinese medicine nursing practice teaching
ZHOU Changqing HU Hui
At present, there is a contradiction between social demand and the quality of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nursing talents. How to carry out TCM nursing practice teaching scientifically, improve the quality of TCM nursing talents, and inherit the characteristics of TCM nursing is the focus of TCM nursing education in TCM colleges and universities. This paper first introduces the definition of service-learning, its features as well as its role in the field of nursing education, and then analyzes the status quo of TCM nursing practice teaching. Moreover, the advantages, practical basis, and significance of introducing service-learning into TCM nursing practice teaching are explored. Finally, targeted suggestions are made to provide new ideas for updating the teaching methodology of TCM nursing practice with a view of promoting professional and vocational education of TCM nursing in colleges and universities of TCM.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 72-75 [Abstract] ( 89 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (682 KB)  ( 145 )
76 The advantages and significance of academy model in the cultivation of postgraduates of traditional Chinese medicine basic theory specialty
XU Yincong1 WEN Ya1 WANG Jin1 TANG Saixue2 DING Yuanqing3 ZHANG Anling1 WU Jianlin1
Through the follow-up study of the graduate students of basic Chinese medicine, it is found that there are some problems in the current training of graduate students of basic Chinese medicine, such as the lack of knowledge and vision, the lack of practical ability, the lack of interaction between teachers and students, the lack of cultural self-confidence and moral quality. According to the current educational environment and the specific conditions of various schools and specialties, the contemporary academy model can give full play to the advantages of comprehensive coverage of knowledge and ability, multi angle improvement of practical ability, full and efficient interaction between teachers and students, and the cultural and moral edification of being a model. It is an important educational supplement outside the training system of basic Chinese medicine postgraduates, and it is worthy of practical exploration and promotion.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 76-79,87 [Abstract] ( 43 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (703 KB)  ( 73 )
80 Thoughts on talent cultivation of new medicine in traditional Chinese medicine colleges from the perspective of STEAM education
LIU Yang LI Baoqin ZENG Xuelu GUO Qian
In order to meet the new challenges posed by the new crown pneumonia epidemic, meet the new requirements of the world’s medical development, and undertake the new task of implementing the healthy China strategy, it is urgent to cultivate new medical talents. Therefore, traditional Chinese medicine colleges should accelerate the innovative development of traditional Chinese medicine education, promote the deep integration of traditional Chinese medicine with engineering, science and literature, innovate the development of traditional Chinese medicine career, and improve the quality of new medical talents in traditional Chinese medicine colleges. Based on the perspective of STEAM education, this article analyzes the compatibility between the new medical education and the STEAM education from the three aspects of education concept, education subject, and teaching design. It is concluded the revelation that STEAM education concept on cultivating new medical talents in traditional Chinese medicine colleges in education concept, course system construction, faculty team construction, studying mode and other aspects. It provides new ideas for the training of new medical talents in traditional Chinese medicine colleges, so as to better realize the inheritance and innovative development of Chinese medicine and help the implementation of the healthy China strategy.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 80-83 [Abstract] ( 52 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (642 KB)  ( 69 )
84 Exploration and practice of early clinical probation reform based on the post competency
CHEN Zhong LAI Yingzhen
The purpose of this study is to explore the application and teaching effect of early clinical probation system oriented by post competence in the practical teaching of oral medicine undergraduates. This research has designed a two-stage early clinical internship system including off-campus early internship and intramural early internship, scientifically selects teaching content, constructs supporting teaching materials, reforms the assessment and evaluation system and establishes a medical education collaborative education mechanism and cultivates professional and humanistic qualities of students. The reform of the early clinical internship system has a positive effect in cultivating the disease prevention ability, teamwork ability, interpersonal communication ability, knowledge mastering ability and professional quality of dental medicine students.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 84-87 [Abstract] ( 44 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (641 KB)  ( 53 )
88 The dilemma and strategy of the ideological and political collaborative education in the curriculum of “pharmaceutical ethics, pharmaceutical regulation and pharmaceutical technology”
WANG Dongping
Under the dual background of pharmaceutical professional ethics education and industrial development such as pharmaceutical laws and regulations, pharmaceutical regulatory policies and accelerated upgrading of pharmaceutical industry technology in the new era, there is much practical necessity and urgency to promote the ideological and political collaborative education in the curriculum of “pharmaceutical ethics, pharmaceutical regulation, pharmaceutical technology”. At present, there are many realistic problems in ideological and political education of the “pharmaceutical ethics, pharmaceutical regulation, pharmaceutical technology” in higher vocational colleges in the aspects of teaching subject cognition, course objectives, evaluation mechanism and ideological and political resources. Thus, higher vocational colleges need to strengthen the top-level design and synergistic promotion from the four dimensions of guarantee mechanism, teacher, course and classroom, so as to realize the co-education of professional spirit and vocational skills, and improve the training quality of technical and skilled personnel in pharmacy.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 88-91 [Abstract] ( 75 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (640 KB)  ( 91 )
92 Establishment and application of Wet lab cataract surgery training curriculum accommodated with clinical activity
CHEN Di1 ZHANG Shunhua1 BIAN Ailing1 WANG Zaowen1 ZHANG Hua2 ZHONG Yong1
Ophthalmic cataract surgery training is the focus and difficulty of clinical teaching. The Wet lab training using animal eyes to conduct simulation training is an important teaching method of cataract surgery. Due to the heavy clinical work, it is difficult for Wet lab training to be carried out continuously and effectively. Therefore, innovation of teaching methods is needed. This paper aims to explore the establishment of Wet lab training mode for cataract surgery suitable for hospital clinical work. In the Wet lab teaching of application of new media, groping towards centralism teaching, demonstration guidance, network, time-sharing practice, online question and answer, online booking submit assignments and grading of the new teaching mode, balance the relationship between clinical work and teaching, improve the utilization of teaching resources, make the Wet lab teaching to realize normalization and sustainable. The experience is accumulated for systematic surgical teaching mode of surgery.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 92-94,101 [Abstract] ( 45 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1062 KB)  ( 81 )
95 Clinical characteristics of 13 patients with Sj?觟gren syndrome complicated with pancreatitis
LI Hongsong1 ZHU Guangzhao2 LYU Liu3 WANG Hailong3
Objective To summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with Sj?觟gren syndrome (SS) complicated with pancreatitis in China based on literatures. Methods The literatures on SS complicated with pancreatitis in CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP and CBM were searched manually and by computer. The time limit for retrieval was from the inception to August 2020. The search terms were “Sj?觟gren syndrome” AND “pancreatitis”. The literatures that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected, the information was extracted, and the clinical characteristics were analyzed. Results Eight literatures were included, and a total of 13 cases were reported, all of which were female. Its main clinical characteristics of a dry mouth / eye (13 cases), tooth loss/caries (four cases), renal tubular acidosis (four cases), joint pain (three cases), swollen glands (three cases), skin rash (two cases), Raynaud phenomenon (two cases), oral ulcer (one case), dry nasal cavity (one case) and vaginal discharge reduction (one case). The main clinical characteristics of pancreatitis in Sj?觟gren syndrome were abdominal pain (11 cases), nausea / vomiting (seven cases), abdominal distension (five cases), fever (two cases) and no obvious clinical symptoms (one case). Nine patients were treated with glucocorticoid combined with/without immunosuppressant therapy, of which one case died of septic shock and eight cases improved. Conclusion As the clinical characteristics of SS complicated with pancreatitis are varied, the diagnosis and treatment of SS complicated with pancreatitis are highly dependent on the personal experience of physicians, and there is no unified standard, nor recognized effective diagnosis and treatment measures.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 95-97 [Abstract] ( 83 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (643 KB)  ( 51 )
98 Detection and clinical significance of plasma ApoB/ApoA1 ratio in non-diabetic patients with acute ischemic stroke
YI Xiaojing LI Lejun
Objective To observe the clinical significance of the ratio of plasma apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1 (ApoB/ApoA1) in non-diabetic acute ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 78 cases of non-diabetic acute ischemic stroke patients hospitalized in Wuxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (hereinafter referred to as “our hospital”) from July 2017 to July 2019 were selected as the stroke group, and 55 healthy subjects with physical examination results in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The ratio of ApoB/ApoA1 in the two groups was compared, and the risk factors of non-diabetic acute ischemic stroke were analyzed by logistic regression, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the value of ApoB/ApoA1 in the diagnosis of non-diabetic acute ischemic stroke was drawn. Results The ApoA1 level in the stroke group was lower than that in the control group, and the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio in the stroke group was higher than that in the control group, with statistical significance (all P ＜ 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the increase of ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and the decrease of ApoA1 level were independent risk factors for non-diabetic acute ischemic stroke (P ＜ 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of ApoB/ApoA1 ratio in the diagnosis of non-diabetic acute ischemic stroke was 0.876, 95%CI: 0.714-0.922, the sensitivity was 69.1%, the specificity was 95.2% and the best cutoff value was 0.853. Conclusion The increase of ApoB/ApoA1 ratio is a risk factor for patients with non-diabetic acute ischemic stroke. When the ratio of ApoB/ApoA1 in peripheral blood is higher than 0.853, the risk of non-diabetic acute ischemic stroke is greatly increased.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 98-101 [Abstract] ( 106 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (621 KB)  ( 84 )
102 Application of Teach-back health education of emotion ABC theory in the treatment of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding
LI Chengyan QU Wenjie
Objective To explore the application of Teach-back health education of emotion ABC theory in the treatment of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods A total of 200 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding admitted to Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University from March 2019 to September 2020 were selected as the research objects. According to random number table method, they were divided into control group (routine health education) and observation group (Teach-back health education of emotional ABC theory), with 100 patients in each group. The status of health knowledge awareness of the two groups was observed five days after admission. Mental health status score and Rockall score at admission and discharge were observed in the two groups. The comfort status of the two groups were observed at discharge. Results After five days of admission, the total awareness rate of health knowledge in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05). At discharge, the mental health status score and Rockall score of the two groups were lower than those at admission, and the observation group were lower than the control group, the differences were all statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05). The comfort level of the observation group was higher than that of the control group at discharge, and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The application of Teach-back health education of emotional ABC theory in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding can improve the total awareness rate of health knowledge of patients, increase the mental health status and condition, and improve the total comfort level of patients, which is worthy of clinical application.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 102-105,113 [Abstract] ( 49 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (632 KB)  ( 156 )
106 Comparative analysis of thromboelastography and four items of coagulation and platelet count in evaluating coagulation function of patients with blood transfusion
XU Yamin LIANG Xiaoliu
Objective To explore the consistency of thromboelastography (TEG) and four items of coagulation and platelet count in evaluating coagulation function of patients with blood transfusion. Methods A total of 180 hospitalized patients in Hefei First People’s Group Hospital, Anhui Province from January to July 2020 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into the blood transfusion group (19 cases) and the non-blood transfusion group (161 cases) according to whether they received blood transfusion treatment. Three venous blood samples were collected from both groups for TEG, four items of coagulation and platelet count detection, respectively. Kappa consistency analysis was used to analyze the consistency between all parameters of TEG, four items of coagulation and platelet count. Results The coagulation factor activation time, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) in the blood transfusion group were longer than those in the non-blood transfusion group, and the blood clot formation rate parameter was higher than that in the non-blood transfusion group, and the maximum cut angle and maximum amplitude of thromboelastography, fibrinogen level and platelet count were lower than those of non-transfusion group, with statistical significance (all P ＜ 0.05). The coagulation factor activation time was highly consistent with that of APTT in determining whether the coagulation was low (Kappa ＞ 0.6, P ＜ 0.05). The blood clot formation rate parameters, the maximum cut angle of thromboelastography and the maximum amplitude of thromboelastography were consistent with fibrinogen in determining whether there was low coagulation, but the consistency was weak (all Kappa ＜ 0.4, P ＜ 0.05). The blood clot formation rate parameters, the maximum cut angle of thromboelastography and the maximum amplitude of thromboelastography were consistent with platelet count in determining whether there was low coagulation, but the consistency was weak (all Kappa ＜ 0.4, P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion In addition to the high consistency between the activation time of coagulation factor and APTT in determining whether the coagulation is low, the consistency between TEG and the four items of coagulation and platelet count in determining whether the coegulation is low is weak. TEG, four items of coagulation and platelet count tests have their own emphases, and cannot be replaced by each other. In clinical practice, we should select test methods to guide blood transfusion based on the actual situation of patients.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 106-109，117 [Abstract] ( 147 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (848 KB)  ( 76 )
110 Analysis of the occurrence of pressure injury and its influencing factors in children with pyemia in ICU
ZHOU Qian FENG Mei▲
Objective To observe the occurrence of pressure injury in children with pyemia in ICU, and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods A total of 82 children with pyemia in intensive care unit (ICU) admitted to West China Hospital, Sichuan University from May 2018 to December 2019 were selected as the research subjects, they were divided into the occurrence group (18 cases) and the non-occurrence group (64 cases) according to whether pressure injury occurred. The main clinical data of the two groups were compared, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of pressure injury. Results The results of this study showed that the incidence of pressure injury was 21.95%. The proportions of mechanical ventilation, proportions of drowsiness and coma, the proportions of using more than two kinds of medical equipment and interleukin-6 (IL-6) level in the occurrence group were higher than those in the non-occurrence group, the levels of albumin and hemoglobin were lower than those in the non-occurrence group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that using two kinds of medical equipment, mechanical ventilation, low albumin and hemoglobin levels were the risk factors for pressure injury in children with pyemia in ICU (all OR ＞ 1, P ＜ 0.05). Low IL-6 level was a protective factor for pressure injury in children with pyemia in ICU (OR < 1, P < 0.05). Conclusion Mechanical ventilation, using more than two kinds of medical equipment, and low levels of albumin and hemoglobin all increase the risk of pressure injury in children with pyemia in ICU. Low IL-6 level can reduce the risk of its occurrence, and clinical attention should be paid to early rational prevention and intervention to reduce the occurrence of pressure injury.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 110-113 [Abstract] ( 115 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (602 KB)  ( 114 )
114 Study of different radial artery puncture spots under ultrasound guidance
ZHAO Xiaobao1 SHAO Xinfeng1▲ DING Yanling1 QUAN Zhefeng2
Objective To explore the choice of ideal puncture spot for radial artery puncture under ultrasound guidance. Methods A total of 120 patients with radial artery puncture under ultrasound guidance in Baoding First Central Hospital, Hebei Province, and Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University from June 2019 to January 2021 were selected as the study subjects. According to random number table method, they were divided into routine group (group A, 60 cases) and specific depth group (group B, 60 cases). In group A, conventional ultrasound guidance radial artery puncture was performed. In group B, the projection point on the surface of the radial artery with radius artery depth half the distance from the short axis of the ultrasonic probe was used as the puncture spot. Both groups were punctured by short axis plane method with ultrasonic probe. The primary outcome was the success rate of the first puncture, and the secondary outcome included puncture failure rate and complication rate. Results The success rate of first puncture in group B was higher than that in group A, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); there was no significant difference in puncture failure rate between two groups (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of hemorrhage and hematoma between two groups (P > 0.05). No serious complications such as thrombus and arterial occlusion occurred in two groups. Conclusion It is an optimal choice to select the radial artery at half the depth of the short axis of the ultrasonic probe as the puncture spot when performing radial artery puncture under the short axis plane method with ultrasonic probe.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 114-117 [Abstract] ( 54 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (420 KB)  ( 103 )
118 Application effect and safety comparison of intermittent epidural bolus and continuous epidural infusion combined with patient-controlled epidural analgesia in labor analgesia
ZHANG Hongzhi YE Chunfang HUANG Wenxin
Objective To study the application effect and safety of intermittent epidural bolus (IEB) and continuous epidural infusion (CEI) combined with patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) in labor analgesia. Methods From January to July 2020, 80 full-term primiparas who voluntarily accepted epidural labor analgesia were selected as the research objects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into study group (40 cases) and control group (40 cases). Control group was treated with CEI combined with PCEA, and study group was treated with IEB combined with PCEA. The first, second, third stage of labor, blood loss, cesarean section rate were compared between two groups; visual analogue scale (VAS) score of pain before analgesia, 10, 30, 60 min after analgesia, and when the uterine orifice was fully opened were compared between two groups; the time of the first PCEA, PCEA usage rate and analgesic dosage, the time of the first burst of pain, the size of uterine orifice at the time of the first burst of pain, the incidence rate of burst pain, the total satisfaction degree and the total incidence of complications were compared between two groups. Results There were no significant differences in the first, second, third stage of labor, blood loss, and cesarean section rate between two groups (P > 0.05). VAS scores of two groups were lower than those before analgesia on 10, 30, 60 min after analgesia, and when the uterine orifice was fully opened (all P < 0.05); while there were no significant differences in VAS scores between two groups at each time point (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the time of the first PCEA and PCEA usage rate between two groups (P > 0.05); while the analgesic dosage in study group was lower than that in control group (P < 0.05). The time of the first burst of pain in study group was longer than that in control group, and the size of uterine orifice at the time of the first burst of pain was larger than that in control group, and the incidence rate of burst pain was lower than that in control group (all P < 0.05). The total satisfaction of study group was higher than that of control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the total incidence of complications between two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion In epidural labor analgesia, IEB has better effect, can effectively reduce the incidence of burst pain, safe and reliable, and has clinical application value.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 118-121，133 [Abstract] ( 89 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (970 KB)  ( 60 )
122 Discussion on possible mechanism of Puerariae Lobatae Radix in the treatment of scleredema diabeticorum based on “consumptive thirst”
ZHANG Shuyuan1 DONG Xiuhui1 ZHANG Qinyuan2 YAN Peizheng2 CHANG Xing3 ZHANG Xiao1
Scleredema diabeticorum is caused by internal hotness, dysfunction of the stomach, spleen and lungs, and hybridization of wind, cold and dampness. Scleredema diabeticorum has the effects of invigorating yin qi and promoting body fluid, and it is an important medicine for the treatment of diabetic thirst and various paralysis. However, there is no systematic study and related reports on the therapeutic effect of Puerariae Lobatae Radix on scleredema diabeticorum. Through clinical observation and research on ancient and modern Chinese and foreign literature, the author believes that the effective components of Puerariae Lobatae Radix have the effects of regulating blood glucose, inhibiting inflammation and anti-fibrosis, which can have obvious therapeutic effects on scleredema diabeticorum. In this paper, from the perspective of “consumptive thirst”, based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, combined with the modern pharmacological research results of Puerariae Lobatae Radix, the possible mechanism of Puerariae Lobatae Radix in the treatment of scleredema diabeticorum is elaborated in detail, in order to provide new ideas and methods for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of scleredema diabeticorum.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 122-125,146 [Abstract] ( 48 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (818 KB)  ( 38 )
126 Professor Jinshi’s experience in treating chronic liver disease
CHEN Quan1 SUN Lixia1 ZHOU Nan2 YANG Haoran1 LIU Li’na1 SHI Huilian1
Chronic liver disease refers to a group of clinically common diseases after chronic persistent liver injury. Professor Jinshi summarizes various drug groups according to the characteristics of different diseases and syndromes in a large number of clinical practices: combined Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, Forsythiae Fructus, Ophiopogonis Radix and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma to reduce aspartate transaminase; combined Abri Herba, Taraxaci Herba, Prunellae Spica and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus to reduce alanine transaminase; combined Bupleuri Radix, Aurantii Fructus, Tangerine Pith and Curcumae Longae Rhizoma to reduce alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; combined Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma, Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex, Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix and Arnebiae Radix to reduce the amount of chronic viral hepatitis B virus; combined Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Alismatis Rhizoma, Cassiae Semen and Crataegi Fructus to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and the clinical effect is remarkable. In order to enrich the clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic liver disease, the author makes a preliminary summary and attached a medical case.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 126-129 [Abstract] ( 171 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (785 KB)  ( 197 )
130 Experience summary of Professor Cao Wei in treating early rheumatoid arthritis with Maxing Yigan Decoction
LI Lu YANG Yue ZHANG Xieyu YUAN Bo CAO Wei GE Lin
Early rheumatoid arthritis is the early stage of rheumatoid arthritis, the clinical symptoms are not significant, and there are few studies at present. Based on the characteristics of the “holistic view” of traditional medicine, Professor Cao Wei believes that the diagnosis and treatment of early rheumatoid arthritis play a very important role in the progress and prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis. From the perspective of “preventing the disease-preventing the change of the existing disease”, it is pointed out that Maxing Yigan Decoction of Synopsis of Golden Chamber is in line with the etiology and pathogenesis of early rheumatoid arthritis. The treatment method is mainly to eliminate pathogens, take into account the spleen and lungs, and pay attention to the compatibility of drugs and dosages. By combining ancient classical prescriptions with modern clinical practice, and following the prescription of syndrome, the medicine can get rid of the disease, prevent the pathogenic factors from spreading into the body, and effectively reduce the teratogenic rate of rheumatoid arthritis.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 130-133 [Abstract] ( 117 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (784 KB)  ( 62 )
134 Analysis of Professor Zhang Bing’s clinical pathway of safe drug use
WANG Xi1 ZHANG Bing2
Traditional Chinese medicine is the treasure of Chinese traditional culture, which has made important contributions to human health for thousands of years. However, due to the unscientific and incomplete understanding of traditional Chinese medicine, adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicine have been reported from time to time in recent years. Therefore, Professor Zhang Bing systematically combed the theory of safety and rational use of traditional Chinese medicine, put forward the principle of rational use of traditional Chinese medicine prospectively, and formulated the safe and reasonable clinical path of drug use from four dimensions of accurate differentiation, detailed information, attention to monitoring and drug education, and established a bridge of close communication between doctors, drugs and patients, and comprehensively guaranteed the safety of patients’ drug use. This paper mainly introduces Professor Zhang Bing’s specific implementation strategies and measures to improve the quality of clinical and pharmaceutical care, ensure the safety and effectiveness of clinical medication, and cultivate high-level talents from two aspects: the principle of safe medication of traditional Chinese medicine and the clinical pathway of safe medication.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 134-137 [Abstract] ( 55 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (837 KB)  ( 164 )
138 Professor Zhang Yu’s experience in treating chronic renal failure with modified Dabuyuan Decoction
YU Yi1 CHANG Meiying2，3 WANG Rumeng1 ZHANG Yu3
Chronic kidney failure is the final outcome of the chronic kidney disease. At present, Western medicine mainly provides symptomatic and supportive treatment with limited methods, and Chinese medicine treatment shows certain advantages. Professor Zhang Yu has been in medicine for more than 30 years and has rich clinical experience. He thinks that the main pathogenesis of chronic renal failure is deficiency of the origin and excess of the standard. Deficiency of the origin is mainly due to deficiency of the spleen and kidney, and excess of the standard is mainly due to dampness, turbidity, toxin, and evil. The main clinical prescription is modified Dabuyuan Decoction, at the same time, according to the individual patient, dialectical treatment, add and subtract with the syndrome. This article describes the experience and typical cases of Professor Zhang Yu’s treatment of chronic renal failure with modified Dabuyuan Decoction, which has a good effect on the early prevention and treatment of chronic renal failure and delaying the progression of disease.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 138-141 [Abstract] ( 55 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (840 KB)  ( 248 )
142 Clinical effect of acupoint embedding of stellate ganglion combined with auricular point seed pressing in the treatment of insomnia
JIN Ruyu1 LI Yongfeng1 CHEN Jie2 XIN Yinhu2 WANG Jin2
Objective To observe clinical effect of acupoint embedding of stellate ganglion combined with auricular point seed pressing in the treatment of insomnia. Methods Sixty-four patients with insomnia who met the clinical research requirements in Outpatient Department of Encephalopathy Rehabilitation in Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from April 2018 to April 2020 were selected and divided into stellate ganglion embedding group and conventional embedding group according to random number table method, with 32 cases in each group. Stellate ganglion embedding group was treated with acupoint embedding of stellate ganglion combined with auricular point seed pressing, while conventional embedding group was treated with conventional acupoint embedding combined with auricular point seed pressing. Acupoint embedding once every two weeks, auricular point seed pressing once every seven days, one month as a course of treatment, a total of two courses of treatment. After two courses of treatment, two cases in stellate ganglion embedding group and one case in conventional embedding group were removed. Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score, Athens insomnia scale (AIS) score, Chinese medicine syndrome scale score, Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) score and clinical efficacy were compared between two groups. Results There were no significant differences in PSQI score and AIS score between two groups before treatment (P > 0.05). After treatment, PSQI score and AIS score of two groups were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), and stellate ganglion embedding group was lower than conventional embedding group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in Chinese medicine syndrome scale score and HAMD score between two groups before treatment (P > 0.05). After treatment, the scores of Chinese medicine syndrome scale and HAMD in two groups were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), and HAMD score in stellate ganglion embedding group was lower than that in conventional embedding group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in clinical total effective rate between two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Stellate ganglion acupoint embedding combined with auricular point seed pressing can better improve the sleep quality and bad mood of insomnia patients than conventional embedding combined with auricular point seed pressing.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 142-146 [Abstract] ( 100 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (856 KB)  ( 198 )
147 Effect of Huayu Tongluo Decoction on wound healing and blood flow index of dorsal foot artery in diabetic foot patients
HU Jinqing1,2 XIE Yonghua1,2 LI Lingli1,2 GU Ruixin1,2 WANG Yun1,2
Objective To investigate the effect of Huayu Tongluo Decoction on wound healing and hemodynamic indexes of dorsal foot artery in diabetic foot patients. Methods One hundred patients with diabetic foot in Wuhan Fourth Hospital from October 2016 to December 2018 were selected and divided into Huayu Tongluo Decoction group and Tongsaimai Tablet group according to random number table method, with 50 cases in each group. Huayu Tongluo Decoction group was treated with Huayu Tongluo Decoction on the basis of conventional treatment, while Tongsaimai Tablet group was treated with Tongsaimai Tablets on the basis of conventional treatment. Both groups were treated for four weeks. Clinical efficacy, ulcer area, Chinese medicine symptom score and hemodynamic indexes of dorsalis pedis artery [peak  velocity(Vp), mean flow velocity (Vm), resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI)] were compared between two groups. Results Clinical effect of Huayu Tongluo Decoction group was better than that of Tongsaimai Tablet group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After treatment, the ulcer area of two groups were less than that before treatment, and Huayu Tongluo Decoction group was less than Tongsaimai Tablet group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After treatment, the score of focus range, pain, swelling, numbness and limp in two groups were lower than those before treatment, and Huayu Tongluo Decoction group was lower than Tongsaimai Tablet group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). After treatment, Vp and Vm of dorsalis pedis artery in two groups were faster than those before treatment, RI was lower than that before treatment, PI was higher than that before treatment, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). While there were no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Huayu Tongluo Decoction can effectively improve clinical symptoms of patients with diabetic foot ulcer and foot dorsal artery hemodynamic index, promote ulcer healing, and has no obvious toxic and side effects. It is a safe and effective method for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 147-150,154 [Abstract] ( 65 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (868 KB)  ( 95 )
151 Discussion of application of the tranquillization method in treatment of palpitation
YANG Ying CUI Song
Cardiovascular disease usually coexists with some mental and psychological disorders. From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, mental restlessness is becoming an increasingly important factor affecting treatment and prognosis. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that “heart governing blood and vessels” and “heart governing mental activities” cause and effect each other, so the occurrence of palpitation can be regarded as the pathological changes of “shape and quality” and “heart spirit”. According to the etiology and pathogenesis of mental restlessness, it should be treatment based on syndrome differentiation in clinical application. This paper introduces several common tranquillization methods and their corresponding prescriptions, such as resolving stagnation for tranquillization method, tranquillization with heavy prescription method, reducing sputum for tranquillization method, removing blood stasis for tranquillization method, nourishing blood for tranquillization method, benefiting qi for tranquillization method and clearing heart for tranquillization method, to assist the clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 151-154 [Abstract] ( 88 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (782 KB)  ( 107 )
155 Analysis on the experience of traditional Chinese medicine prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 in Zhongshan area
ZENG Tingting1 LAI Haibiao2 MIAO Canming2 MIAO Yingnian3 MENG Fansu4 ZENG Jianfeng5 CHEN Xingyu1 LI Leyu2
Based on the analysis of the symptoms, tongue veins, therapeutic principle and methods and prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine of 66 cases of coronavirus disease 2019 diagnosed in Zhongshan area of Guangdong Province, this paper concludes that coronavirus disease 2019 in Zhongshan area belongs to the category of damp warm disease in Chinese medicine. Most of the causes are the invasion of the lungs and spleen by dampness and warmness pathogen. The treatment is based on syndrome differentiation. The cure rate and the success rate of critical disease treatment in the same period can be greatly improved by using the agreement formula with Zhongshan characteristics and the addition and subtraction of Lingnan characteristic Chinese herbal medicine. At the same time, it has certain reference significance to use the characteristic prevention prescription, actively carry out the preventive treatment of disease, and further play the role of traditional Chinese medicine in the epidemic prevention and control.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 155-158,162 [Abstract] ( 58 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1031 KB)  ( 76 )
159 Application value of 3.0T MRCP combined with abdominal color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of suspected gallstones
HONG Jie1 CAI Qi2 CUI Wei3▲
Objective To explore the application value of 3.0T magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) combined with abdominal color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of suspected gallstones. Methods A total of 80 patients with suspected gallstones admitted to Department of Medical Imaging, Hefei BOE Hospital, Anhui Province from June 2019 to October 2020 were selected as the research subjects. All patients underwent abdominal color Doppler ultrasound and 3.0T MRCP examination, and the results of surgical exploration were taken as the gold standard. The diagnosis results of suspected gallstones by abdominal color Doppler ultrasound and 3.0T MRCP examination were observed. Results Seventy-two cases of gallstones were confirmed by surgical exploration in 80 suspected gallstones patients. The diagnostic area under curve of abdominal color Doppler ultrasound, 3.0T MRCP, 3.0T MRCP combined with abdominal color Doppler ultrasound were 0.618 (95%CI: 0.384-0.852), 0.688 (95%CI: 0.452-0.923) and 0.938 (95%CI: 0.802-1.000). The area under curve of 3.0T MRCP combined with abdominal color Doppler ultrasound was larger than that of abdominal color Doppler ultrasound and 3.0T MRCP; the specificity was higher than that of abdominal color Doppler ultrasound and 3.0T MRCP, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Conclusion 3.0T MRCP combined with abdominal color Doppler ultrasound can improve the diagnostic rate of suspected gallstones, which is a reliable and safe examination method for gallstones.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 159-162 [Abstract] ( 110 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (367 KB)  ( 185 )
163 Application effect of health management based on the theory of action research method in elderly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
DU Huiling WANG Yan
Objective To explore the application effect of health management based on the theory of action research in elderly patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods A total of 110 elderly NAFLD patients who were treated in the Department of Hepatology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University from January 2018 to January 2020 were collected. According to the random number table method, they were divided into control group and observation group, with 55 cases in each group. The control group was given a routine health management intervention, and the observation group was given a health management intervention based on the theory of action research method. The duration of the intervention was six months. The self-perceived burden scale (SPBS) was used to evaluate the self-perceived burden of patients. The liver function indexes, liver fibrosis indexes, disease cognition scores, health behavior changes and SPBS scores were compared between the two groups before and after intervention. Results After the intervention, the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin in the two groups were lower than those before the intervention, while the observation group was lower than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05). After the intervention, the levels of adhesion protein, hyaluronic acid, type Ⅲ procollagen, and type Ⅳ collagen in the two groups were lower than those before the intervention, while the observation group was lower than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05). After the intervention, the scores of disease characteristic knowledge, dietary knowledge, exercise knowledge, and medication knowledge in the two groups of disease cognition were higher than those before the intervention, while the observation group was higher than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Health management based on the theory of action research can improve the liver function of elderly NAFLD patients, reduce the degree of liver fibrosis, increase the level of disease awareness, promote the establishment of healthy behaviors, and reduce the burden of disease self-perception. It is clinically worthy of further promotion.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 163-167 [Abstract] ( 131 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (725 KB)  ( 133 )
168 Influence of health salon on the health literacy level and blood pressure control effect of hypertensive patients in the community
CHEN Jianxiu1 ZHANG Zhaoxia1 LI Ying2 LYU Aiying3▲
Objective To explore the impact of health salons on the health literacy and blood pressure control effect of hypertensive patients in the community. Methods From January to October 2019, a total of 224 patients with hypertension in the community who were admitted to Dezhou People’s Hospital, Shandong Province, were selected and divided into the intervention group and the control group using a random number table method, with 112 cases in each group. The control group was given regular health education, while the intervention group was combined with health salon intervention. The health literacy and blood pressure levels of the two groups of patients were compared after intervention. Results After intervention, the completion rates of the two groups of basic knowledge and concepts, health methods and behaviors, basic skills, scientific outlook on health, basic medical treatment and health information were higher than those of the same group before the intervention, and the completion rates of chronic disease prevention and safety and first aid in the intervention group were higher than those of the same group before the intervention, and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05). The completion rate of basic knowledge and concepts, health methods and behaviors, basic skills, scientific outlook on health, chronic disease prevention, and health information in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05); there was no statistically significant difference in the completion rate of basic medical treatment between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05). After intervention, the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure of the two groups were lower than the same group before the intervention, while the intervention group was lower than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The health salon helps to promote the development of the health literacy level of hypertensive patients in the community and improve the effect of blood pressure control.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 168-171 [Abstract] ( 112 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (647 KB)  ( 47 )
172 Application of health education based on the changing law of forgetting curve in inhalation therapy for elderly patients with stable COPD
YAO Wenjie1 XU Fengqin2 ZHANG Jie1 ZHOU Yufeng3▲
Objective To analyze the application effect of health education based on the changing law of forgetting curve in the inhalation treatment of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the elderly. Methods From April 2018 to April 2019, a total of 108 elderly stable COPD patients with inhalation therapy admitted to the First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province were selected and divided into observation group 54 cases and control group 54 cases (2 cases dropped out, 52 cases were actually included) according to the random number table method. The control group was given regular health education, while the observation group jointly applied health education based on the changing law of forgetting curve. Followed up for six months, the correct rate of standardized use of inhalants and compliance with inhalation treatment were compared between the two groups. Results Follow-up for six months, the correct rate of standardized use of inhalants in the observation group was higher than that before education (P ＜ 0.05), and the correct rate of opening, charging, inhaling, closing, and gargle in the control group were higher than before education (P ＜ 0.05); the correct rate of observing assembled medicine, inhaling medicine and holding breath were higher than those of the control group (P ＜ 0.05). Follow-up for six months, ten items of inhalation (except for the control group “I tried to avoid inhalation”) and the overall compliance score of two groups were higher than those before education (P ＜ 0.05). “I will only inhale when needed”, “I will forget to inhale”, “I will change the dosage by myself”, “I will inhale the treatment when other medications are ineffective”, “I will inhale therapy before doing something that may make my breathing difficult” and the overall compliance score of obsarvation group were higher than those of the control group (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Health education based on the changing law of the forgetting curve helps to improve the correct rate of standardized use of inhalants for elderly patients with stable COPD, promotes the development of compliance behaviors for inhalation therapy, and is expected to improve the quality of life of patients.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 172-175,180 [Abstract] ( 49 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (733 KB)  ( 101 )
176 Application analysis of Omaha system language in the continued care of patients undergoing radical masterctomy
CHEN Yuqing1,2 ZHANG Lili1 LI Guoji3 HE Yanying3
Objective To explore the applicability of the Omaha system language in the continued care of patients undergoing radical mastectomy, and to provide a basis for advancing the standardization of the language of nursing records. Methods Content analysis and cross-mapping methods were used to retrospectively analyze nursing file records of 62 patients who underwent radical mastectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy in the First People’s Hosptial of Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province from September 2018 to March 2019. The degree of agreement with the Omaha system terminology was compared. Results A total of 501 pieces of language describing the problems and interventions of patients with underwent radical mastectomy were extracted from the nursing documents as the analysis unit, of which 406 (81.0%) were completely consistent with the Omaha system term description, 81 (16.2%) were partially matched, and 14 items (2.8%) were not consistent. Conclusion The Omaha system language is suitable for the whole process of continued care for patients undergoing radical mastectomy and provides practical guidance for them, but it needs to be modified and adjusted appropriately before application.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 176-180 [Abstract] ( 73 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (715 KB)  ( 64 )
181 Application effect of internet + continuity nursing in 3D small pulmonary nodules biopsy guided by coplanar template
SONG Yu1 CAI Limei2 LIU Jing1 DU Xueli1 LIU Zhao1 LIU Shuangjie1
Objective To observe the application effect of internet + continuity nursing in 3D small lung nodule biopsy guided by coplanar template. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 124 patients who underwent 3D coplanar template guided biopsy of small pulmonary nodules from August 2016 to August 2018 in Tangshan People’s Hospital. According to the random number table method, the patients were divided into observation group and control group, with 62 cases in each group. The control group was treated with traditional continuity nursing, while the observation group adopted new internet + continuity nursing. The success rate of biopsy, the incidence of complications and the compliance of postoperative follow-up were compared between the two groups. Results The success rate of clinical biopsy in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05), the total incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05). The postoperative compliance of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Application of internet + continuity nursing mode can effectively improve the biopsy success rate of 3D small lung nodule biopsy patients guided by coplanar template, reduce complications, and have better clinical effect, and patients’ compliance after follow-up visits is better.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 181-184 [Abstract] ( 76 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (716 KB)  ( 103 )
185 Impact of management intervention based on tracking methodology on the core competence training of nursing staff and the quality of nursing management
LIU Ying XIAO Jin
Objective To explore the impact of management intervention based on tracking methodology on the core competence training of nursing staff and the quality of nursing management. Methods A total of 3270 patients admitted to the branch of the Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Jiangsu Province (hereinafter referred to as “our hospital”) from January to December 2017 were selected as the control group, a total of 3380 patients admitted to our hospital from January to December 2018 were selected as the intervention group, at the same time, 12 head nurses and 84 nursing staff of our hospital were selected. The control group implemented routine management, and the intervention group implemented management intervention based on tracking methodology. After one year of intervention, the head nurses and core abilities, nursing quality and nursing adverse events were compared of the two groups. Results After one year of intervention, the core abilities scores of head nurses and nurses were higher than before intervention (P ＜ 0.05); the scores of basic nursing, specialty nursing, and safety nursing were significantly higher than those before the intervention (P ＜ 0.05); the incidence of nursing errors, nursing complaints, and nursing disputes was significantly lower than before the intervention (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Management intervention based on tracking methodology is helpful to promote the cultivation of nursing staff’s core competence, improve the quality of care, and prevent the occurrence of adverse nursing events.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 185-188 [Abstract] ( 65 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (704 KB)  ( 72 )
189 Application of stepped rehabilitation nursing combined with humanistic care in patients with Guillain Barre syndrome after mechanical ventilation
SHAN Jing QIU Qian LI Furong DENG Yongmei
Objective To observe the intervention effect of stepped rehabilitation nursing combined with humanistic care in patients with Guillain Barre syndrome （GBS） after mechanical ventilation, to guide the clinical implementation of reasonable intervention for GBS patients with mechanical ventilation. Methods A total of 62 patients with GBS on mechanical ventilation admitted to the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2017 to January 2020 were selected as the research subjects, according to random number table method, they were divided into control group and observation group, with 31 cases in each group. The control group was treated with humanistic care and the observation group was treated with stepped rehabilitation nursing on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for two weeks, and disease-related scores, including acute physiology and chronic health evaluation score Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) and MRC muscle strength rating (MRC-score) score were compared between the two groups before and after two weeks of intervention; the recovery time of the two groups was recorded: mechanical ventilation time, ICU stay time and hospitalization time; complications of two groups were recorded: ventilator associated pneumonia, pressure sores, venous thrombosis. Results APACHE Ⅱ score and MRC-score score were compared between the two groups before intervention, there was no statistical significant difference （P ＞ 0.05）; the APACHE Ⅱ score in both groups was lower than before intervention for two weeks, and the MRC-score was higher than before intervention for two weeks, and the APACHE Ⅱ score in the observation group was lower than the control group, and the MRC-score was higher than the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05); the mechanical ventilation time, ICU stay time and hospitalization time of the observation group were all shorter than those of the control group, with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05); there was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion Stepped rehabilitation nursing combined with humanistic care can alleviate the condition of patients with GBS mechanical ventilation, improve the muscle strength of patients, shorten the recovery time, and has the value of popularization and application.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 189-192 [Abstract] ( 82 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (711 KB)  ( 76 )
193 Influence of nursing intervention on the basis of IMB skill model on self-efficacy and self-care behavior of patients with chronic heart failure
YANG Yuhui1 GE Jinling1 YAO Yumei1 TANG Shangyan1 QIN Dan2
Objective To explore the intervention effect of nursing intervention on the basis of information-motivation-behavior (IMB) skill model in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods A total of 102 patients with CHF who received treatment in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College from January 2019 to January 2020 were prospectively selected, the random number table method was used to divide them into control group and observation group, with 51 cases in each group. The control group was received routine intervention, and the observation group was received the intervention based on IMB skill model, all patients were intervened from admission to discharge, then performed the follow-up intervention, the intervention was lasted for six months. General self-efficacy scale (GSES) and self-care behavior scale was used to evaluate and compared the self-efficacy and self-care behavior of the two groups before and six months after intervention, all patients received 6 min walking distance measurement and the results were compared; after six months of intervention, the satisfaction on nursing implementation of the two groups was investigated and compared. Results After six months of intervention, the GSES score of both groups was higher, and the 6 min walking distance was increased compared with before intervention, the GSES score of the observation group was higher than the control group, and the 6 min walking distance of the observation group was longer than the control group (P ＜ 0.05); the self-care behavior score of both groups was higher than that before intervention, and the self-care behavior score of the observation group was higher than the control group (P ＜ 0.05); the satisfaction of nursing implementation in the observation group was better than the control group (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The effect of nursing intervention on CHF patients based on IMB skill model is definite, which can improve the self-efficacy of patients, improve their self-care behavior, and is easy to be accepted, the application value is high.
2021 Vol. 18 (19): 193-196 [Abstract] ( 116 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (710 KB)  ( 125 )
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