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Research progress on signaling pathways related to healing of diabetic foot ulcer |
WANG Gengxin1 ZHANG Chunling2 TANG Lisha1 LUO Kaizhong1 LI Tao1 ZHANG Yun1 |
1.Graduate School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550002, China;
2.Department of Nursing, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550003, China |
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Abstract Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most common complications of diabetes, which is difficult to treat and leads to irreversible amputation. In recent years, there have been many studies on the causes of delayed healing of DFU, mainly including decreased angiogenesis, grows slowly of granulation tissue, insufficient collagen synthesis, increased apoptosis, etc. But there have been few studies on the specific mechanism of healing promotion. In this paper, domestic and foreign literatures were analyzed and summarized in recent years, and the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine monomer, compound and dressing on DFU was discussed based on DFU cell signaling pathway, so as to provide relevant reference for the research and treatment of DFU.
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影响癌细胞生长从而达到治疗的目的[29]。许佐明[30]研究表明下调人肝癌细胞系 SMMC-7721中的HIF-1表达水平可以抑制肝癌细胞的生长和增殖。HIF-1不仅和肿瘤的发生发展有关,而且与代谢性疾病有密切的关系,最近有报道称HIF-1α还有促进创面修复作用[31]。β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid(L-ODAP)是一种天然的非蛋白氨基酸,可在人体内代谢,也是一种安全的创面修复剂,Sharma等[32]进行了L-ODAP伤口愈合活性的体外实验,证实了L-ODAP可以通过上调HIF-1α水平从而增加VEGF、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)、MMP-9的表达,使伤口的愈合加快。而Liu等[33]研究表明肺腺癌转移相关转录因子1(MALAT1)在糖尿病小鼠中的表达及其在伤口愈合中的显著作用,发现通过激活HIF-1α信号通路,上调的MALAT1可增加成纤维细胞的激活,导致胶原蛋白沉积对糖尿病小鼠伤口愈合有促进作用。综上所述,通过调控 HIF-1信号通路可能增加了VEGF的表达促进血管的新生,也可能通过激活成纤细胞增殖增多促进了胶原蛋白生成使溃疡愈合加快。
6 其他相关影响因子
糖尿病足患者创面愈合的机制一直以来都是人们关注的焦点。新的证据表明miRNAs在调节血管新生中扮演着重要角色,Amin等[34]研究证实了miR-23c可以通过靶向上调一种促血管再生因子—基质细胞衍生因子-1α的水平,促进血管生成,使DFU患者伤口愈合加快。也有研究表明了细胞生长因子在DFU中的关键作用[35]。邸铁涛等[36]研究发现使用中药丹黄散外敷小鼠溃疡创面可以上调碱性成纤维细胞、表皮生长因子、VEGF的表达水平,促进成纤维细胞增殖和血管新生,进而让创面收缩加快,血运障碍也得到逆转,加快了溃疡创面愈合的进程。
7 结语与展望
综上所述,多数研究表明DFU愈合的共性因素最终都是使成纤细胞增殖增多、血管新生增强、再生上皮化速度加快、细胞凋亡减少等,其中涉及到包括多条信号通路和相关影响因子的调控。许多相关的信号通路和细胞因子在DFU愈合具体机制中的作用尚未完全明确,在以后的研究中仍旧需要进一步阐明这些信号通路在DFU愈合中的具体作用。传统治疗方法大多是在控制血糖、改善循环的基础上采用清创、引流、敷料等治疗,可能疗效不佳,而靶向治疗势必有助于提高治疗效果,使治疗DFU新药、新疗法的开发前景更为广阔。
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