|
|
|
| The progress of the effect of immune-endocrine modulation at the maternal-fetal interface on early pregnancy |
| JIANG Guojing SHEN Mingjie ZENG Weiwei QI Cong |
| Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medcin, Shanghai 201203, China |
|
|
|
Abstract Pregnancy is an example of the natural allogeneic transplantation. The success of pregnancy depends mostly on a successful immune-endocrine cross-modulation at the maternal–fetal interface. Hormones have important effect on early pregnancy including progesterone, estradiol and human chorionic gonadotrop in play essential roles in the immune crosstalk at the maternal-fetal interface. This review focuses on the immunomodulatory effect of these hormones during early pregnancy on the establishment of maternal-fetus immune tolerance, invasion of trophoblastic cells and formation of placenta. The present review will provide important insights into novel therapeutic strategies of the recurrent spontaneous miscarriage, pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction.
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1] Schumacher A，Costa DC，Zenclussen AC. Endocrine factors modulating immune responses in pregnancy [J]. Front Immunol，2014，5（5）：1-12.
[2] Mjosberg J，Berg G，Jenmalm MC，et al. FOXP3+ regulatory T cells and T helper 1，T helper 2，and T helper 17 in human early pregnancy decidua [J]. Biol Reprod，2010，82（12）：698-705.
[3] Wegmann TG，Lin H，Guilbert L，et al. Bidirectional cytokine interactions in the maternal-fetal relationship：is successful pregnancy a TH2 phenomenon? [J]. Immunol Today，1993，14（7）：353-356.
[4] Raghupathy R，Makhseed，M，Azizieh F，et al. Cytokine production by maternal lymphocytes during normal huma npregnancy and in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion [J]. Hum Reprod，2000，15（3）：713-718.
[5] Moffett-King A. Natural killer cells and pregnancy [J]. Nat Rev Immunol，2002，2（9）：656-663.
[6] Wallace AE，Fraserr，Cartwright JE. Extravilloustrophoblast and decidual natural killer cells：a remodelling partnership [J]. Hum Reprod Update，2012，18（4）：458-471.
[7] Rtsep MT，Felker AM，Kay VR，et al. Uterine naturalkiller cells：supervisors of vasculature construction in early decidua basalis [J]. Reproduction，2015，149（2）：R91-R102.
[8] Quenby S，Nikh，Innesb，et al. Uterine natural killercells and angiogenesis in recurrent reproductive failure [J]. Hum Reprod，2009，24（1）：45-54.
[9] Lash GE，Schiessl B，Kirkley M，et al. Expression of angio-genic growth factors by uterine natural killer cells during early pregnancy [J]. J Leukoc Biol，2006，80（3）：572-580.
[10] Kuang H，Peng H，Xu H，et al. Hormonal regulation ofuterine natural killer cells in mouse preimplantation uterus [J]. J Mol Histol，2010，41（1）：1-7.
[11] Hao S，Zhao J，Zhou J，et al. Modulation of 17 b-estradiol on the number and cytotoxicity of NK cells in vivo related to MCM and activating receptors [J]. Int Immunopharmacol，2007，7（13）：1765-1775.
[12] Guo W，Li P，Zhao G，et al. Glucocorticoid receptor mediates the effect of progesterone on uterine natural killer cells [J]. Am J Reprod Immunol，2012，67（6）：463-473.
[13] Sotnikova N，Voronin D，Antsiferova Y，et al. Interactionof decidual CD56+ NK with trophoblast cells duringnormal pregnancy and recurrent spontaneous abortion atearly term of gestation [J]. Scand J Immunol，2014，80（3）：198-208.
[14] Moffett-King A. Natural killercells and pregnancy [J]. Nat Rev Immunol，2002，2（9）：656-663.
[15] Takeshi N. Review：the immuno-modulatory roles ofmacrophages at the maternal-fetal interface [J]. Reprod Sci，2010，17（3）：209-18.
[16] 贾永芳，李莉，宋兴丽，等.妊娠早期小鼠子宫巨噬细胞分布和活性的变化[J].解剖学杂志，2009，37（1）：49-51.
[17] Hunt JS，Miller L，Platt JS. Hormonal regulation ofuterine macrophages [J]. Dev Immunol，1998，6（1-2）：105-110.
[18] 肖云山，林其德.妊娠早期蜕膜组织巨噬细胞分泌IL-10/IFN-γ功能的特征[J].现代妇产科进展，2005，14（3）：218-221.
[19] 付志红，朱文杰，陈秀敏，等.不明原因复发性流产患者蜕膜巨噬细胞活性变化及其细胞因子分泌[J].生殖与避孕，2010，30（11）：745-748.
[20] Guimera M，Morales-Ruiz M，Jiménez W，et al. LH/HCG stimulation ofVEGF and adrenomedullin production by follicular fluid macrophages andluteinized granulosa cells [J]. Reprod Biomed Online，2009，18（6）：743-749.
[21] Cervar M，Desoye G，Blaschitz A，et al. Paracrine regulation of distinct trophoblast functions in vitro by placental macrophages [J]. Cell Tissue Res，1999，295（2）：297-305.
[22] Ahmed T，Smith G，Vlahov I，et al. Inhibition of allergic airway responses by heparin derived oligosaccharides：Identification of a tetrasaccharide sequence [J]. Respir Res，2012，13（6）：1-13.
[23] Shastri MD，Johns C，Hutchinson JP. Ion exchange chromatographic separation and isolation of oligosaccharides of intact low-molecular-weight heparin for the determination of their anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory properties [J]. Anal Bioanal Chem，2013，405（18）：6043-6052.
[24] Gardner L，Moffett A. Dendritic cells in the human decidua [J]. Biol Reprod，2003，69（4）：1438-1446.
[25] Chorny A，Gonzalez-Rey E，Delgado M. Regulation of dendritic cell differentiation by vasoactive intestinal peptide：therapeutic applicationson autoimmunity and transplantation [J]. Ann NY Acad Sci，2006，1088（11）：187-194.
[26] Blois S，AlbaSoto CD，Tometten M，et al. Lineage，maturity，and phenotype of uterine murine dendritic cells throughout gestationindicate a protective role in maintaining pregnancy [J]. Biol Reprod，2004，70（4）：1018-1023.
[27] Steinman RM. The control of immunity and tolerance by dendriticcells [J]. Pathol Biol，2003，51（2）：59-60.
[28] Liu S，Yu Y，Zhang M，et al. The involvement of TNF-alpha related apoptosis-inducing ligand in the enhanced cytotoxicity of IFN-beta stimulated human dendritic cells totumorcells [J]. J Immunol，2001，166（9）：5407-5415.
[29] Misra N，Bavry J，Lacroix-Desmazes S，et al. Cutting edge human CD4（+）CD25（+） T cells restrain the maturation and antigen-presenting function of dendritic cells [J]. J Immunol，2004，172（8）：4676-4680.
[30] Butts CL，Shukair SA，Duncan KM，et al. Progesterone inhibits mature rat dendritic cells in a receptor-mediated fashion [J]. Int Immunol，2007，19（3）：287-296.
[31] Kovats S. Estrogen receptors regulate an inflammatory pathway of dendritic cell differentiation：mechanisms and implications for immunity [J]. Horm Behav，2012，62（3）：254-262.
[32] Xu Y，He H， Li C，et al. Immunosuppressiveeffect of progesterone on dendritic cells in mice [J]. J Reprod Immunol，2011，91（1-2）：17-23.
[33] Huck B，Steck T，Habersack M，et al. Pregnancy associatedhormones modulate the cytokine production but not the phenotype of PBMC derived human dendritic cells [J]. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol，2005，122（1）：85-94.
[34] Ivanova E，Kyurkchiev D，Altankova I，et al. CD83+ monocyte-deriveddendritic cells are present in human decidua and progesterone induces their differentiation in vitro [J]. Am J Reprod Immunol，2005，53（4）：199-205.
[35] Liang J，Sun L，Wang Q，et al. Progesterone regulates mouse dendritic cells differentiation and maturation [J]. Int Immunopharmacol，2006，6（5）：830-838.
[36] Kyurkchiev D，Ivanova-Todorova E，Hayrabedyan S，et al. Female sex steroid hormones modify some regulatory properties of monocyte-derived dendritic cells [J]. Am J Reprod Immunol，2007，58（5）：425-433.
[37] Liu HY，Buenafe AC. Estrogen inhibition of EAE involves effects on dendritic cell function [J]. J Neurosci Res，2002， 70（2）：238-248.
[38] Schumacher A，Brachwitz N，Sohr S，et al. Human chorionic gonadotropin attracts regulatory T cells into the fetal-maternal interface during early human pregnancy [J]. J Immunol，2009，182（9）：5488-5497.
[39] Mori A，Zhai YL，Toki T，et al. Distribution and heterogeneity of mast cells in the human uterus [J]. Hum Reprod，1997，12（2）：368-372.
[40] Woidacki K，Popovic M，Metz M，et al. Mast cells rescue implantation defects caused by c-kit deficiency [J]. Cell Death Dis，2013，4（1）：e462.
[41] Jing H，Wang Z，Chen Y.Effect of estradiol on mast cell number and histamine level in the mammary glands of rat [J]. Anat Histol Embryol，2012，41（3）：170-176.
[42] Rolle L，Memarzadeh Tehran M，Morell G，et al. Cutting edge：IL-10-producing regulatory B cells in early human pregnancy [J]. Am J Reprod Immunol，2013，70（6）：448-453.
[43] Khil LY，Jun HS，Kwon H，et al. Human chorionic gonadotropin is an immune modulator and can prevent autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice [J]. Diabetologia，2007， 50（10）：2147-2155.
[44] Wu S，Zhang H，Tian J，et al. Expression of kisspeptin/CPR54 and PIBF/PR in the first trimester trophoblast and decidua of women with recurrent spontaneous abortion [J]. Pathol Res Pract，2014，210（1）：47-54.
[45] Chien EJ，Chang CP，Lee WF，et al. Non-genomic immunosuppressive actions of progesterone inhibits PHA-induced alkalinization and activation in T cells [J]. J Cell Biochem，2006，99（1）：292-304.
[46] Aaleyasin A，Aghahosseini M，Rashidi M，et al. In vitro fertilization outcome following embryo transfer with or without preinstillation of human chorionic gonadotropin into the uterine cavity：a randomized controlled trial [J]. Gynecol Obstet Invest，2015，79（3）：1370-1374.
[47] Lukassen HG，Joosten I，Van Cranenbroek B，et al. Hormonal stimulation for IVF treatment positively affects the CD56bright/CD56dim NK cell ratio of the endometrium during the window of implantation [J]. Mol Hum Reprod，2004，10（3）：513-520.
[48] 巩敏红，周红，周凤慧，等.雌二醇、孕酮及β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素水平变化对早期先兆性流产的预测价值分析[J].中国性科学，2016，25（9）：98-101.
[49] Carp HJ. Recurrent miscarriage and hCG supplementation：a review and metaanalysis [J]. Gynecol Endocrinol，2010，26（10）：712-716.
[50] 龚贵香，邓秀成，刘春雷，等.去氧孕烯炔雌醇防治早期妊娠流产不全的临床研究[J].中国性科学，2015，24（12）：106-109.DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-1993.2015.12.035. |
|
|
|
