|
|
Advances of cerebrospinal fluid enzyme spectrum in Alzheimer′s disease |
ZHANG Qihao1,2 LIU Chengeng1 WANG Peichang1 |
1.Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing 100053,China;
2.the First School of Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China |
|
|
Abstract Alzheimer′s disease (AD) is an age-related and progressive neurodegenerative disease, which is the most common disease leading to dementia. AD develops slowly and becomes severe progressively. In the development of AD, different stages are accompanied with corresponding pathophysiological changes, where the enzymes in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with AD can be used as biomarkers to reflect the developing process of AD, and before the dementia stage of AD, there is a preclinical stage ranging from years to decades. In this way, it is of great significance to the early diagnosis and treatment of AD. This review focuses on the current research of some enzymes in the cerebrospinal fluid of AD.
|
|
|
|
|
[1] Blennow K,de Leon MJ,Zetterberg H. Alzheimer′s disease [J]. Lancet,2006,368(9533):387-403.
[2] Jack CJ,Knopman DS,Jagust WJ,et al. Tracking pathophysiological processes in Alzheimer′s disease:an updated hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers [J]. Lancet Neurol,2013,12(2):207-216.
[3] Dubois B,Feldman HH,Jacova C,et al. Advancing research diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer′s disease:the IWG-2 criteria [J]. Lancet Neurol,2014,13(6):614-629.
[4] Hort J,Bartos A,Pirttila T,et al. Use of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in diagnosis of dementia across Europe [J]. Eur J Neurol,2010,17(1):90-96.
[5] Schoonenboom NS,Reesink FE,Verwey NA,et al. Cerebrospinal fluid markers for differential dementia diagnosis in a large memory clinic cohort [J]. Neurology,2012,78(1):47-54.
[6] Thinakaran G,Koo EH. Amyloid precursor protein trafficking,processing,and function [J]. J Biol Chem,2008, 283(44):29615-29619.
[7] Haass C,Kaether C,Thinakaran G,et al. Trafficking and proteolytic processing of APP [J]. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med,2012,2(5):a6270.
[8] Yan R,Bienkowski MJ,Shuck ME,et al. Membrane-anchored aspartyl protease with Alzheimer′s disease beta-secretase activity [J]. Nature,1999,402(6761):533-537.
[9] Roberds SL,Anderson J,Basi G,et al. BACE knockout mice are healthy despite lacking the primary beta-secretase activity in brain:implications for Alzheimer's disease therapeutics [J]. Hum Mol Genet,2001,10(12):1317-1324.
[10] Luo Y,Bolon B,Kahn S,et al. Mice deficient in BACE1,the Alzheimer′s beta-secretase,have normal phenotype and abolished beta-amyloid generation [J]. Nat Neurosci,2001,4(3):231-232.
[11] Singer O,Marr RA,Rockenstein E,et al. Targeting BACE1 with siRNAs ameliorates Alzheimer disease neuropathology in a transgenic model [J]. Nat Neurosci,2005,8(10):1343-1349.
[12] Holsinger RM,McLean CA,Collins SJ,et al. Increased beta-Secretase activity in cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer′s disease subjects [J]. Ann Neurol,2004,55(6):898-899.
[13] Zhong Z,Ewers M,Teipel S,et al. Levels of beta-secretase(BACE1)in cerebrospinal fluid as a predictor of risk in mild cognitive impairment [J]. Arch Gen Psychiatry,2007,64(6):718-726.
[14] Zetterberg H,Andreasson U,Hansson O,et al. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid BACE1 activity in incipient Alzheimer disease [J]. Arch Neurol,2008,65(8):1102-1107.
[15] Mulder SD,van der Flier WM,Verheijen JH,et al. BACE1 activity in cerebrospinal fluid and its relation to markers of AD pathology [J]. J Alzheimers Dis,2010,20(1):253-260.
[16] Petersen RC,Smith GE,Waring SC,et al. Mild cognitive impairment:clinical characterization and outcome [J]. Arch Neurol,1999,56(3):303-308.
[17] Mattsson N,Zetterberg H,Hansson O,et al. CSF biomarkers and incipient Alzheimer disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment [J]. JAMA,2009,302(4):385-393.
[18] Hansson O,Zetterberg H,Buchhave P,et al. Association between CSF biomarkers and incipient Alzheimer′s disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment:a follow-up study [J]. Lancet Neurol,2006,5(3):228-234.
[19] Shaw LM,Vanderstichele H,Knapik-Czajka M,et al.Cerebrospinal fluid biomarker signature in Alzheimer′s disease neuroimaging initiative subjects [J]. Ann Neurol,2009,65(4):403-413.
[20] Rosen C,Andreasson U,Mattsson N,et al. Cerebrospinal fluid profiles of amyloid beta-related biomarkers in Alz-heimer′s disease [J]. Neuromolecular Med,2012,14(1):65-73.
[21] Perneczky R,Alexopoulos P. Cerebrospinal fluid BACE1 activity and markers of amyloid precursor protein metabolism and axonal degeneration in Alzheimer's disease [J]. Alzheimers Dement,2014,10(5 Suppl):S425-S429.
[22] Savage MJ,Holder DJ,Wu G,et al. Soluble BACE-1 Activity and sAbetaPPbeta Concentrations in Alzheimer′s Disease and Age-Matched Healthy Control Cerebrospinal Fluid from the Alzheimer′s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative-1 Baseline Cohort [J]. J Alzheimers Dis,2015,46(2):431-440.
[23] Alexopoulos P,Thierjung N,Grimmer T,et al. Cerebrospinal Fluid BACE1 Activity and sAbetaPPbeta as Biomarker Candidates of Alzheimer′s Disease [J]. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord,2018,45(3/4):152-161.
[24] Alexopoulos P,Tsolakidou A,Roselli F,et al. Clinical and neurobiological correlates of soluble amyloid precursor proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid [J]. Alzheimers Dement,2012,8(4):304-311.
[25] Mattsson N,Bremell D,Anckarsater R,et al. Neuroinflammation in Lyme neuroborreliosis affects amyloid metabolism [J]. BMC Neurol,2010,10:51.
[26] Selnes P,Blennow K,Zetterberg H,et al. Effects of cerebrovascular disease on amyloid precursor protein metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid [J]. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res,2010,7:10.
[27] Menendez-Gonzalez M,Castro-Santos P,Suarez A,et al. Value of measuring plasmatic levels of neurosin in the diagnosis of Alzheimer′s disease [J]. J Alzheimers Dis,2008,14(1):59-67.
[28] Scarisbrick IA,Radulovic M,Burda JE,et al. Kallikrein 6 is a novel molecular trigger of reactive astrogliosis [J]. Biol Chem,2012,393(5):355-367.
[29] Patra K,Soosaipillai A,Sando SB,et al. Assessment of kallikrein 6 as a cross-sectional and longitudinal biomarker for Alzheimer′s disease [J]. Alzheimers Res Ther,2018, 10(1):9.
[30] Adair JC,Charlie J,Dencoff JE,et al. Measurement of gelatinase B(MMP-9)in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with vascular dementia and Alzheimer disease [J]. Stroke,2004,35(6):e159-e162. |
|
|
|