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| Research progress of targeted costimulatory receptor pathway to enhance tumor immunotherapy |
| WANG Huijian BAI Yu |
Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650000, China
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Abstract The discovery and clinical application of different types of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIS) have revolutionized the treatment of cancer. This approach improved the prognosis of patients with various types of advanced tumors; however, the efficacy of anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyt-associated protein 4, programmed death receptor 1, and programmed death ligand 1 in patients with different tumor types varies greatly. Therefore, more and more studies are devoted to exploring more ICIS. This article discusses the transformation potential and clinical development of drugs targeting costimulatory T cell receptors, and outlines ongoing clinical trials of novel ICIS, including costimulatory receptor associated proteins and agonists that induce T cell costimulatory receptors. Further efforts are needed to optimize the timing of combined ICIS therapy and to tailor immunotherapy to patient and tumor specificity, as well as to advance the development of immunosurveillance techniques.
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