Abstract:Objective To study the changes of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) levels and prognosis in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Methods Clinical data of 152 patients with ESRD who received maintenance hemodialysis (ESRD group) in the Second People’s Hospital of Anhui (“our hospital” for short) from May 2017 to October 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, and 100 healthy people who received physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as control group. According to the survival of patients with ESRD, ESRD group was divided into death group (n = 25) and survival group (n = 127). The gender, age, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin (Hb), albumin (ALB), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), blood calcium (Ca), blood phosphorus (P), serum creatinine (Scr), RDW, neutrophil count, lymphocyte number and NLR were compared in each group. Results Hb, ALB and the number of lymphocyte in ESRD group were lower than those in control group, hs-CRP, Ca, P, Scr, RDW, the number of neutrophil and NLR in ESRD group were higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). The age, hs-CRP, Ca, P, RDW and NLR of death group were higher than those of survival group, and the proportion of primary diseases, Hb, ALB and the number of lymphocytes of death group were lower than those of survival group (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, Hb, ALB, diabetic nephropathy, hs-CRP, Ca, P, RDW, lymphocyte number and NLR were risk factors for the prognosis of patients with ESRD (P < 0.05). Conclusion RDW and NLR levels in maintenance hemodialysis patients with ESRD are increased, and they are independent risk factors for prognosis.