Abstract:Objective To systematically evaluate the effect of different topical anesthetics on urethral catheterization in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCT) related to PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, WanFang and VIP databases were searched by computer, and the retrieval time was set up until November 2019. Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0 was used to evaluate the literature quality, and Stata 13.0 and WinBUGS 1.4.3 software were used to analyze the one-time catheterization success rate and the incidence of catheterization pain in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia in the literature. Results A total of 33 RCTs involving 5 topical anesthetics were included, with a total sample size of 3329 cases. The results of reticular meta-analysis showed that: In terms of one-time catheterization success rate, Dyclonine Hydrochloride (OR = 9.81, 95%CI [2.36, 52.59]), Tetracaine Hydrochloride (OR = 11.65, 95%CI [5.05, 31.00]), Shutai (OR = 0.07, 95%CI [0.03, 0.15]), Benoxinate Hydrochloride (OR = 0.07, 95%CI (0.03, 0.17)], Lidocaine (OR = 0.08, 95%CI [0.05, 0.15]) were superior to sterile paraffin oil, the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). In terms of the incidence of catheterization pain, Dyclonine Hydrochloride (OR = 0.09, 95%CI [0.01, 0.66]), Tetracaine Hydrochloride (OR = 0.04, 95%CI [0.01, 0.25]), Shutai (OR = 7.13, 95%CI [1.04, 45.50]), Benoxinate Hydrochloride (OR = 34.09, 95%CI [7.18, 210.45]) and Lidocaine (OR = 8.58, 95%CI [2.96, 24.69]) were all superior to sterile paraffin oil, the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The result of the ranking probability graph indicated that Shutai was the best solution to increase the one-time catheterization success rate, and Benoxinate Hydrochloride was the best solution to prevent catheterization pain. Conclusion In improving the one-time catheterization success rate, Shutai is superior to other topical anesthetics. Benoxinate Hydrochloride is superior to other topical anesthetics in the prevention of catheterization pain.