小胶质细胞在脑白质损伤发生发展中的作用

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摘要小胶质细胞广泛分布于中枢神经系统，是其固有的免疫细胞，其介导的神经炎症是引发脑白质损伤的重要因素。越来越多证据表明，不同脑白质损伤疾病中小胶质细胞激活的路径各有差异，这是其在中枢神经系统发挥复杂作用的基础。脑白质损伤的典型表现就是脱髓鞘，脱髓鞘存在于包括多发性硬化症、阿尔茨海默病、血管性认知障碍和痴呆等在内的多种疾病的共同病理阶段中。本文探讨了多种疾病类型及所在不同大脑区域下，小胶质细胞通过不同激活途径发挥生物学作用的医学机制。此外，小胶质细胞在脑白质损伤中可发挥促炎和免疫调节的双相作用，对这些小胶质细胞亚型的进一步研究可能会衍生出新的治疗方法，促进脑白质损伤的修复。

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	徐曼曼晁斌崔翰明潘菊华张秋燕黄世敬

关键词 ：小胶质细胞, 神经炎症, 脑白质损伤, 脱髓鞘

Abstract：Microglia is widely distributed in the central nervous system and is the inherent immune cells. The nerve inflammation mediated by microglia is an important factor that cause white matter damage. More and more evidences show that the activation pathways of microglia in different white matter damage diseases are different, which is the basis of their complex role in the central nervous system. The typical manifestation of white matter damage is demyelination, which is a common pathological stage in multiple diseases including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer′s disease, vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. In this article, the medical mechanism for microglia playing biological role through different activation pathways under various disease types and different brain regions is discussed. In addition, microglia can play a biphasic role in brain white matter damage, such as proinflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, therefore further research on these microglial subtypes may lead to new treatments that promote the repair of white matter damage.

Key words： Microglia Nerve inflammation White matter damage Demyelination

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目（81573790、816034 43）。

通讯作者: 黄世敬（1964-），男，博士，研究员，主任医师，博士生导师；研究方向：中医老年病基础及新药研发。

作者简介: 徐曼曼（1991-），女，中国中医科学院广安门医院2018级中医内科学专业在读博士研究生；研究方向：中医老年病基础与临床研究。

引用本文:

徐曼曼晁斌崔翰明潘菊华张秋燕黄世敬. 小胶质细胞在脑白质损伤发生发展中的作用[J]. 中国医药导报, 2020, 17(29): 37-39,44.
XU Manman CHAO Bin CUI Hanming PAN Juhua ZHANG Qiuyan HUANG Shijing. The role of microglia in the development of white matter damage. 中国医药导报, 2020, 17(29): 37-39,44.

链接本文:

http://www.yiyaodaobao.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.yiyaodaobao.com.cn/CN/Y2020/V17/I29/37

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