Abstract：Objective To explore the application of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) and nasal non- invasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (NHFOV) in mechanical ventilation weaning of neonatal meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). Methods A total of 80 newborns with MAS admitted to the Department of Neonatology, Fuyang Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Anhui Province from May 2019 to May 2022 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into NCPAP group and NHFOV group, with 40 cases in each group. MAS children of two groups were respectively given NCPAP and NHFOV respiratory support after mechanical ventilation weaning. The blood gas index (partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood [PaO2], partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood [PaCO2], PaO2/inspired oxygen concentration [FiO2]) were compared between two groups before weaning and after weaning at 1, 12, 24 h; non-invasive breathing time, total gastrointestinal nutrition time, weaning failure rate, and complications were compared between two groups. Results PaO2, PaO2/FiO2 at different time between two groups were statistically significant (P＜0.01); PaCO2 at different time, intergroup, and interaction between two groups were statistically significant (P＜0.01). Comparison within groups: after weaning at 1, 24 h, PaO2 in both groups were higher than those before weaning; after weaning at 24 h, PaO2/FiO2 in two groups were higher than those before weaning, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). After weaning at 12, 24 h, PaCO2 of NCPAP group were lower than those before weaning; after weaning at 1, 12, 24 h, PaCO2 of NHFOV group were higher than those before weaning, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). Comparison among groups: after weaning at 1, 12, 24 h, there were no significant differences in PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 between two groups (P＞0.05); PaCO2 in NHFOV group was lower than that in NCPAP group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). The weaning failure rate of NHFOV group was lower than that of NCPAP group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05); there were no significant differences in non-invasive breathing time and total gastrointestinal nutrition time between two groups (P＞0.05). The total complication rate of NHFOV group was lower than that of NCPAP group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusion Compared with NCPAP, the application of NHFOV in mechanical ventilation weaning of neonatal MAS children is more conducive to reducing PaCO2 and reducing the weaning failure rate.
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