Abstract:Ductoscopy is the top test method for patients with nipple discharge. It has the characteristics of convenient operation, small trauma, direct vision in the duct, real-time imaging recording, and has become the main diagnostic and adjuvant therapy tools for breast intraductal lesions. However, there is no clinical consensus on the application, diagnosis, and treatment of ductoscopy, which limits its clinical popularization. Breast Disease Branch of Chinese Association for Research and Advancement of Chinese Medicine reached consensus on indications, contraindications, equipment and personnel configuration, preparation before examination, operation technique and considerations, manifestations under ductoscopy, endoscopic adjuvant therapy, and complications and management, etc. That is to provide a clinical reference for the optimization and standardization of the technical operation specification of ductoscopy. Looking forward to improving the level of ductoscopy treatment in China.
[1] Clark SE,Agrawal A,Laws S,et al. The investigation and management of unilateral nipple discharge [J]. Ann R Coll Surg Engl,2020,102(5):369-374.
[2] Al Nemer A,Kussaibi H. The accuracy of nipple discharge cytology in detecting breast cancer [J]. Diagnosis(Berl),2020,8(2):269-273.
[3] Shen KW,Wu J,Lu JS,et al. Fiberoptic ductoscopy for breast cancer patients with nipple discharge [J]. Surg Endosc,2001, 15(11):1340-1345.
[4] Zervoudis S,Iatrakis G,Daures JP,et al. Ductoscopy Coupled to Duct Lavage and Duct Brushing in Pathologic Nipple Discharge:Our Experience [J]. Chirurgia(Bucur),2020,115(3):334-340.
[5] Omranipour R,Vasigh M. Mastitis,Breast Abscess,and Granulomatous Mastitis [J]. Adv Exp Med Biol,2020,1252:53- 61.
[6] Wu HL,Yu JJ,Yu SL,et al. Clinical efficacy of fiberoptic ductoscopy in combination with ultrasound-guided minimally invasive surgery in treatment of plasma cell mastitis [J]. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol,2016,43(5):742-746.
[7] 高峥嵘,石静,于倩,等.纤维乳管镜在乳腺炎症性疾病中的应用[J].河南外科学杂志,2018,24(1):30-31.
[8] 张董晓,黄巧,赵相坤,等.乳管冲洗配合中药治疗乳腺导管炎32例[J].中医外治杂志,2014,23(3):15-16.
[9] 郭静姝,代引海,李今.乳管镜引导下手术切除治疗自发性溢液乳腺疾病效果分析[J].中国现代普通外科进展,2019,22(10):785-788 .
[10] Wang B,Jiang S,Zhu L,et al. A Nomogram to Predict the Probability of Breast Intraductal Tumors in Patients with Nipple Discharge:A Real-World Study Based on Our 13-Year Clinical Experience [J]. Cancer Manag Res,2020, 12:11191-11201.
[11] Bender O,Balci FL,Yüney E,et al. Scarless endoscopic papillomectomy of the breast [J]. Onkologie,2009,32(3):94-98.
[12] 杜璐迪,刘翔,王莉娟,等.乳管镜联合B超引导下微创旋切术治疗乳腺导管内良性肿瘤的疗效和安全性[J].中国妇幼保健,2022,37(7):1341-1343.
[13] 陈金桃,刘杰,梁锐键,等.乳管镜在哺乳期乳汁淤积中的治疗作用[J].中国实用医药,2020,15(13):59-60.
[14] Zagouri F,Sergentanis TN,Giannakopoulou G,et al. Breast ductal endoscopy:how many procedures qualify? [J]. BMC Res Notes,2009,2:115.
[15] Motoda N,Ohashi R,Makino T,et al. Utility of duct-washing cytology for detection of early breast cancer in patients with pathological nipple discharge:A comparative study with fine-needle aspiration cytology [J]. Diagn Cytopathol,2020,48(12):1273-1281.
[16] Cyr AE,Margenthaler JA,Conway J,et al. Correlation of ductal lavage cytology with ductoscopy-directed duct excision histology in women at high risk for developing breast cancer:a prospective,single-institution trial [J]. Ann Surg Oncol,2011,18(11):3192-3197.
[17] 徐娟,白兰.乳管镜联合美蓝染色定位法在病理性乳头溢液患者诊疗中的应用价值[J].精准医学杂志,2019, 34(6):537-539,542.
[18] 王波,郭小军.术前即刻乳管镜定位在血性乳头溢液中应用[J].中华肿瘤防治杂志,2019,26(23):1791-1794.
[19] 刘巧刿,何劲松,李锋.乳管镜定位下乳腺导管内乳头状瘤切除术的临床应用探讨[J].中国临床医生杂志,2019, 47(12):1410-1412.
[20] Zhang C,Li J,Jiang H,et al. Use of fiberoductoscopy for the management of pathological nipple discharge:ten years follow up of a single center in China [J]. Gland Surg,2020,9(6):2035-2043.
[21] 马宁,李海平,胡崇珠,等.无痛乳管镜检查术的应用观察[J].河北医药,2013,35(8):1176-1178.
[22] Ohlinger R,Stomps A,Paepke S,et al. Ductoscopic detection of intraductal lesions in cases of pathologic nipple discharge in comparison with standard diagnostics:the German multicenter study [J]. Oncol Res Treat,2014,37(11):628- 632.
[23] Makita M,Akiyama F,Gomi N,et al. Mammary ductoscopy and watchful follow-up substitute microdochectomy in patients with bloody nipple discharge [J]. Breast Cancer,2016, 23(2):242-251.