Immune mechanism research of type 1 diabetes mellitus
CHEN Guojun1 YANG Zhonghan2 FENG Juan3▲
1.Department of Emergency, the First People′s Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong Province, Foshan 528000, China;
2.Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510080, China;
3.School of Stomatology, Foshan University, Guangdong Province, Foshan 528000, China
Abstract：Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a kind of autoimmune disease with genetic predisposition and its incidence is gradually increasing. The pathogenesis is relatively complicated and not yet fully elucidated. It relates the mutual regulation of T lymphocytes and a variety of innate immune cells. Immune cells attack the islet beta cells reduce its damage which is regarded as a main pathogenic factor of T1DM. The current treatments of T1DM, including traditional insulin injection, islet transplantation, immunotherapy and stem cell therapy of recent years or other methods, have the limitation. With the further study of the pathogenesis of T1DM, more effective targets and methods will be provided.
[1] Hull CM，Peakman M，Tim T. Regulatory T cell dysfunction in type 1 diabetes：what's broken and how can we fix it？[J]. Diabetologia，2017，60（10）：1837-1850.
[2] Pugliese A. Autoreactive T cells in type 1 diabetes [J]. J Clin Invest，2017，127（8）：2881-2891.
[3] Ferretti C，La Cava A. Adaptive immune regulation in autoimmune diabetes [J]. Autoimmun Rev，2016，15（3）：236-241.
[4] Lehuen A，Diana J，Zaccone P，et al. Immune cell crosstalk in type 1 diabetes [J]. Nat Rev Immunol，2010，10（7）：501-513.
[5] Gomez-Tourino I，Arif S，Eichmann M，et al. T cells in type 1 diabetes：Instructors，regulators and effectors：a comprehensive review [J]. J Autoimmun，2016，66：7-16.
[6] Phillips JM，Parish NM，Raine T，et al. Type 1 diabetes development requires both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and can be reversed by non-depleting antibodies targeting both T cell populations [J]. Rev Diabet Stud，2009，6（2）：97-103.
[7] Mfarrej B，Keir M，Dada S，et al. Anti-CD3 mAb treatment cures PDL1-/-.NOD mice of diabetes but precipitates fatal myocarditis [J]. Clin Immunol，2011，140（1）：47-53.
[8] Hu C，Ding H，Zhang X，et al. Combination treatment with anti-CD20 and oral anti-CD3 prevents and reverses autoimmune diabetes [J]. Diabetes，2013，62（8）：2849-2858.
[9] Chatenoud L. Immune therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus-what is unique about anti-CD3 antibodies? [J]. Nat Rev Endocrinol，2010，6（3）：149-157.
[10] Kornete M， Mason ES， Piccirillo CA. Immune Regulation in T1D and T2D：prospective role of Foxp3+ Treg cells in disease pathogenesis and treatment [J]. Front Endocrinol（Lausanne），2013，4：76.
[11] Jain N，Miu B，Jiang JK，et al. CD28 and ITK signals regulate autoreactive T cell trafficking [J]. Nat Med，2013，19（12）：1632-1637.
[12] Dwyer CJ，Ward NC，Pugliese A，et al. Promoting immune regulation in type 1 diabetes using low-dose interleukin-2 [J]. Curr Diab Rep，2016，16（6）：46.
[13] Pham MN， von Herrath MG，Vela JL. Antigen-specific regulatory T cells and low dose of IL-2 in treatment of type 1 diabetes [J]. Front Immunol，2015，6（3）：651.
[14] El Khatib MM，Sakuma T，Tonne JM，et al. Beta-Cell-targeted blockage of PD1 and CTLA4 pathways prevents development of autoimmune diabetes and acute allogeneic islets rejection [J]. Gene Ther，2015，22（5）：430-438.
[15] Wallberg M，Cooke A. Immune mechanisms in type 1 diabetes [J]. Trends Immunol，2013，34（12）：583-591.
[16] Van Gassen N，Staels W，van Overmeire E，et al. Concise review：macrophages：versatile gatekeepers during pancreatic beta-cell development，injury，and regeneration [J]. Stem Cells Transl Med，2015，4（6）：555-563.
[17] Noble A，Mehta H，Lovell A，et al. IL-12 and IL-4 activate a CD39-dependent intrinsic peripheral tolerance mechanism in CD8（+）T cells [J]. Eur J Immunol，2016， 46（6）：1438-1448.
[18] Huang H，Liu J，Hao H，et al. Preferred M2 polarization by ASC-based hydrogel accelerated angiogenesis and myogenesis in volumetric muscle loss rats [J]. Stem Cells Int，2017，2017：2 896 874.
[19] Stefater JA 3rd，Ren S，Lang RA，et al. Metchnikoff's policemen：macrophages in development，homeostasis and regeneration [J]. Trends Mol Med，2011，17（12）：743-752.
[20] Brissova M，Aamodt K，Brahmachary P，et al. Islet microenvironment，modulated by vascular endothelial growth factor-A signaling，promotes beta cell regeneration [J]. Cell Metab，2014，19（3）：498-511.
[21] Xiao X，Gaffar I，Guo P，et al. M2 macrophages promote beta-cell proliferation by up-regulation of SMAD7 [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA，2014，111（13）：E1211-E1220.
[22] Moretta L，Montaldo E，Vacca P，et al. Human natural killer cells：origin，receptors，function，and clinical applications [J]. Int Arch Allergy Immunol，2014，164（4）：253-264.
[23] Brauner H，Elemans M，Lemos S，et al. Distinct phenotype and function of NK cells in the pancreas of nonobese diabetic mice [J]. J Immunol，2010，184（5）：2272-2280.
[24] Gur C，Porgador A，Elboim M，et al. The activating receptor NKp46 is essential for the development of type 1 diabetes [J]. Nat Immunol，2010，11（2）：121-128.
[25] Fraker C， Bayer AL. The expanding role of natural killer cells in type 1 diabetes and immunotherapy [J]. Curr Diab Rep，2016，16（11）：109.
[26] Tripathi D，Venkatasubramanian S，Cheekatla SS，et al. A TLR9 agonist promotes IL-22-dependent pancreatic islet allograft survival in type 1 diabetic mice [J]. Nat Commun，2016，7：13 896.
[27] van Lummel M，van Veelen PA， de Ru AH，et al. Dendritic cells guide islet autoimmunity through a restricted and uniquely processed peptidome presented by high-risk HLA-DR [J]. J Immunol，2016，196（8）：3253-3263.
[28] Morel PA. Dendritic cell subsets in type 1 diabetes：friend or foe？[J]. Front Immunol，2013，4：415.
[29] Diana J，Gahzarian L，Simoni Y，et al. Innate immunity in type 1 diabetes [J]. Discov Med，2011，11（61）：513-520.
[30] Saxena V，Ondr JK，Magnusen AF，et al. The countervailing actions of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells control autoimmune diabetes in the nonobese diabetic mouse [J]. J Immunol，2007，179（8）：5041-5053.
[31] Hope CM，Troelnikov A，Hanf W，et al. Peripheral natural killer cell and allo-stimulated T-cell function in kidney transplant recipients associate with cancer risk and immunosuppression-related complications [J]. Kidney Int， 2015，88（6）：1374-1382.
[32] Pham-Hua D，Padgett LE，Xue B， et al. Islet encapsulation with polyphenol coatings decreases pro-inflammatory chemokine synthesis and T cell trafficking [J]. Biomaterials，2017，128：19-32.
[33] Gerace D，Martiniello-Wilks R，Nassif NT，et al. CRISPR-targeted genome editing of mesenchymal stem cell-derived therapies for type 1 diabetes：a path to clinical success？[J]. Stem Cell Res Ther，2017，8（1）：62.
2017, Vol. 14 
京公网安备 11010502046598号