Abstract：Objective To investigate the effects of probiotics on insulin resistance and intestinal flora structure in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods A total of 98 GDM patients admitted to Zhongshan Chenxinghai Hospital, Guangdong Province from January 2020 to January 2021 were selected and divided into two groups by random number table method, with 49 patients in each group. The control group was given insulin treatment, and the observation group was given probiotic treatment on the basis of the control group. After ten weeks of treatment, the therapeutic effects of the two groups were observed, and the differences of glycolipid metabolism, insulin resistance, intestinal flora structure, and pregnancy outcome were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of observation group was higher than that control group, and the incidence of premature delivery and macrosomia was lower than that control group, the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05). After treatment, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FPG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin (FINS), and homeostasis model assessment- insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index in two groups were all lower than those before freatment, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was higher than that before treatment, the TC, TG, LDL-C, FPG, 2hPG, HbA1c, FINS, and HOMA-IR index in observation group were lower than those in control group, while HDL-C was higher than that in control group, the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05). After treatment, the abundances of Rumen coccus, Bacteroides faecalis, Bacteroides monoform, Spirospira, Bacteroides multiform, and Bacteroides nodicum in the observation group were all higher than those before treatment, the abundances of Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium hallii, Eubacterium limosum, and Clostridium perfringens were all lower than those before treatment, while the abundances of Rumen coccus, Bacteroides faecalis, Bacteroides monoform, Spirospira, Bacteroides multiform, and Bacteroides nodicum in the observation group were all higher than those in control group, while the abundance of Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium hallii, Eubacterium limosum, and Clostridium perfringens were all lower than those in control group, the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The addition of probiotics on the basis of hypoglycemic treatment can correct the structural disorder of intestinal flora, inhibit insulin resistance, improve the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism and pregnancy outcome of patients with GDM.
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