Abstract：Objective To investigate the curative effect of different approaches to explore recurrent laryngeal nerve in radical operation of thyroid cancer and to provide reference for clinical treatment of patients. Methods A total of 154 patients with unilateral thyroid cancer who received diagnosis and treatment in Huangshan People’s Hospital of Anhui Province from March 2018 to March 2021 were selected as the research subjects, and all of them received radical resection of unilateral thyroid cancer (resection of thyroid lobe and isthmus on the affected side + dissection of central lymph nodes on the affected side + exploration of recurrent laryngeal nerve on the affected side). According to the random odd and even number method, they were divided into the control group and the study group, with 77 cases in each group. In the control group, the recurrent laryngeal nerve was explored through the upper subthyroid angle approach, while in the study group, the recurrent laryngeal nerve was explored through the lower inferior thyroid artery approach. At discharge, the operation-related indexes, parathyroid gland protection, and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury were compared between the two groups. Results The operation time of the study group was shorter than that of the control group, and the intraoperative blood loss, total amount of drainage fluid were lass than those of the control group, and drainage days was shorter than that of the control group, with statistical significances (P ＜ 0.05); there were no statistical significances in the rate of temporary parathyroid injury and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion During the radical operation of thyroid cancer, the inferior approach via the inferior thyroid artery to explore the recurrent laryngeal nerve has a significant effect, which promotes the significant improvement of patients’ operation-related indicators, better protection of patients’ parathyroid gland, and reduces the injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve in patients, which is worthy of promotion.
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