Abstract：Objective To investigate the effect of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cell on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC). Methods The experiment was divided into three groups, the control group consisted of CD4+ T cells and BMMSC; the experimental group consisted of regulatory T cells and BMMSC; the inhibitory group consisted of regulatory T cells and BMMSC and added GW4869 (exosome inhibitor). Mineralization induction was performed in all three groups. ALP expression and activity were detected by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and activity at day 0 and 7, mineralization nodules formation and calcium content were detected by alizarin red staining and calcium content analysis at day 0 and 21, levels of bone differentiation genes ALP, OCN, and Runx2 mRNA were detected by PCR at day 7. Results the ALP staining area and ALP activity in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.01). The formation and calcium content of mineralized nodules stained with alizarin red were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.01), and the expression levels of ALP, OCN, and Runx2 mRNA were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.01). The ALP staining area and ALP activity in the inhibitory group were lower than those in the experimental group (P＜0.01), the formation and calcium content of mineralized nodules stained with alizarin red were lower than those in the experimental group (P＜0.01), and the expression levels of ALP, OCN, and Runx2 mRNA were lower than those in the experimental group (P＜0.01). Conclusion Tregs could promote the osteogenic differentiation of BMMSC, and Tregs exosomes may participate in this process.
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