Abstract:To ensure the occupational safety and health of the medical staff in China and to solve this problem systematically, the paper summarizes the occupational injury related factors at present based on literature review. The results show that the occupational injury is related with hospital environment, occupational characteristics and factors of the medical staff. So we come up with the framework and details of occupational safety and the disposalof health management system, mainly including coordination, routine guarantee, occupational exposure assessment and the disposal of follow-up. This rudiment can give medical institutions advice on establishment of occupational safety and health management system.
胡荍 彭民金 廖汉林 曾静 符湘云 陈新河 谢多双 来瑞平. 我国医疗机构职业安全与健康管理体系的构建探讨[J]. 中国医药导报, 2018, 15(7): 146-149.
HU Qiao PENG Minjin LIAO Hanlin ZENG Jing FU Xiangyun Chen Xinhe XIE Duoshuang LAI Ruiping. Discussion on the construction of occupational safety and health management system in medical institutions. 中国医药导报, 2018, 15(7): 146-149.
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[4] 崔婧.山西省三甲医院医务人员职业伤害现状及相关影响因素研究[D].太原:山西医科大学,2013.
[5] 黄丽蓉,李阳,黄菊.医务人员职业暴露调查分析[J].中华医院感染学杂志,2014,24(3):759-760,777.
[6] Mehrdad R,Shams-Hosseini NS,Aghdaei S,et al. Prevalence of Low Back Pain in Health Care Workers and 析,有条件的医疗机构可以设置职业暴露咨询门诊,也可由OSH管理办公室的专业人员进行诊断和评估。接到职业暴露报告后,评估人员应尽快收集详尽资料,完善相关检测和检查,根据现行的职业暴露和职业危害评估标准进行诊断和评估,为后续的处置工作提供依据。
2.3.2 职业暴露的处置和随访 医疗机构应根据医务人员发生职业暴露的高危因素和诊断评估结果,有针对性地开展科学、有效的处置工作。一是指导有自主行为能力的医务人员进行紧急处置,如发生血源性职业暴露后对暴露部位的及时清洗消毒[21-22];二是对需要进一步救治的医务人员开设绿色通道,保证检查、诊疗和护理等医疗保健服务的有序进行,同时要保护救治过程中其他医务人员的严格防护和安全;三是对需要及时隔离处置的暴露源进行严格管理;四是注意职业暴露处置过程中员工的心理疏导;五是安排专人开展职业暴露随访和登记工作[7]。
总之,医务人员是医疗机构的重要人力资源,是掌握疾病诊断和救治的知识和技能丰富的群体,在肩负着救死扶伤崇高使命的同时,也暴露在不同程度的职业安全风险中。医务人员的身心健康和职业周期决定着医院医疗业务的顺利开展、医学科研的不断进步以及健康产业的大力发展。各级卫生行政管理部门和医疗机构管理者应高度认识到积极维护医务人员的职业安全和健康,就是保持医院正常运营、维护和谐医患关系以及促进医学学科进步的最好途径。而医疗机构OSH管理组织的建立、相关制度和预案的制订以及后勤和财务保障,是规范建立OSH管理体系的基础。医疗机构应根据我国现行的职业防护法律法规和制度,系统性地借鉴国内外对医务人员OSH提出的有效措施和积极经验,建设和完善OSH管理体系,切实保障医务人员的OSH。
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