Abstract:Objective To study the effect of type 1 diabetes (T1D) on the brain parenchyma changes and cognitive function in children. Methods Forty children with T1D admitted in the Department of Childhood Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Children′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (“our hospital” for short) from January to December 2017 were included as the T1D group. Another 40 children examined in our hospital for physical examination were involved in non T1D group. Both groups were detected blood HbA1c before and after MRI. All children enrolled in the study were underwent IQ tests and evaluated brain developmental-related scores by professionals. Resting state functional magnetic resonance (rsfMRI) scans were performed on both groups. The rsfMRI data were preprocessed by SPM8 software, and the seed connection ICA analysis was performed by GIFT software. Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the correlation. Results There was no significant difference in IQ levels between the two groups (P > 0.05). For the brain performance, learning, memory and treatment ability, the scores of children with T1D were lower than those in non T1D group, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05), considering lack of samples and/or young age. The brain connections in the T1D group increased, including the left frontal lobe, the left anterior wedge anterior, the right cerebellum and the left anterior superior gyrus. There was no correlation between these abnormal connections and HbA1c level, brain cognitive function (P > 0.05). Conclusion The connections of brain regions in children with T1D increase, but there is no significant correlation between HbA1c level, cognitive function and these abnormal connections. It may be related to the factors such as small sample size and short observing time.
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